SB394 — Artificial intelligence; use of systems for student instruction.
Last action — Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0943)
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✓Introduced
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✓In Committee
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✓Passed Senate
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✓Passed House of Delegates
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✓To Executive
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6Enacted
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2026. Enacted.
Signed by Governor Glenn Youngkin (Republican) on March 31, 2026.
Odds of enactment
High chanceBased on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a high chance of becoming law.
Upgrade to see the exact probability and what's driving it.
A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.
Prognosis
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Enacted
Current position in the legislative process.
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1 sponsor
1 primary, 0 co-sponsors signed on.
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Mixed recorded votes
11 passed, 1 failed in recorded votes so far.
Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.
Summary
Artificial intelligence; use of systems for student instruction.
Bill Text
We don't have the full text on file for this bill yet.
Read SB394 on the official Virginia source →Action History
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Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0943)
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Approved by Governor-Chapter 943 (effective 7/1/2026)
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Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
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S Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026
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H Signed by Speaker
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S Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB394)
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S Signed by President
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S Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB394ER)
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S Enrolled
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H Conference report agreed to by House (95-Y 0-N 0-A)
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S Conference report agreed to by Senate (37-Y 2-N 0-A)
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Conference Report released
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S Conference substitute printed 26109729D-S1
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H House Conferees: Rasoul, Maldonado, Cherry
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H Conferees appointed by House
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S Senate Conferees: Pekarsky, Favola, Head
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S Conferees appointed by Senate
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S Senate acceded to request Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A)
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H House requested conference committee
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H House insisted on substitute
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S House substitute rejected by Senate (0-Y 40-N 0-A)
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H Passed House with substitute (96-Y 1-N 0-A)
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H Engrossed by House - committee substitute
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H committee substitute agreed to
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H Read third time
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H Read second time
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S Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB394)
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H Committee substitute printed 26108797D-H1
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H Reported from Education with substitute (20-Y 1-N)
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H Placed on Education Agenda
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H House subcommittee offered
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H Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (9-Y 1-N)
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H Placed on Education Agenda
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H Assigned HED sub: K-12 Subcommittee
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H Referred to Committee on Education
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H Referred from Communications, Technology and Innovation and referred to Education (Voice Vote)
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H Placed on Communications, Technology and Innovation Agenda
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H Referred to Committee on Communications, Technology and Innovation
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H Read first time
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H Placed on Calendar
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S Read third time and passed Senate (38-Y 1-N 0-A)
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S Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 3rd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)
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S Rules suspended
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S Engrossed by Senate Block Vote (Voice Vote)
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S Read second time
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S Passed by for the day
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S Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading) (35-Y 0-N 0-A)
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S Rules suspended
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S Reported from Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)
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S Rereferred to Finance and Appropriations
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S Reported from Education and Health and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)
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S Assigned Education sub: Public Education
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S Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB394)
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S Referred to Committee on Education and Health
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S Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26105454D
Sponsors
- Stella G. Pekarsky · Primary
Sponsorship breakdown
Export CSV (upgrade) →1 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 147 not signed on · 42 voted No
Sponsors (1)
- Stella G. Pekarsky Voted No
Co-sponsors (0)
None.
Not signed on (147)
147 members have not signed on to this bill.
Show all 147 →"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.
Votes
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 95 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Total | 95 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| % of votes cast | 96% | 0% | 0% | 4% |
How each member voted (99)
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 37 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 37 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 93% | 5% | 0% | 3% |
How each member voted (40)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Yea |
| Angelia Williams Graves | — | Yea |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Bill DeSteph | — | Yea |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Yea |
| Christie New Craig | — | Yea |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Yea |
| Danica A. Roem | — | Nay |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Yea |
| David W. Marsden | — | Yea |
| Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker | — | Yea |
| Emily M. Jordan | — | Yea |
| Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. | — | Yea |
| J.D. "Danny" Diggs | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Yea |
| Jennifer D. Carroll Foy | — | Yea |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Yea |
| Kannan Srinivasan | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Yea |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Yea |
| Luther Cifers, III | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Yea |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Yea |
| Michael J. Jones | — | Yea |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Yea |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Yea |
| Russet Perry | — | Yea |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Yea |
| Saddam Azlan Salim | — | Yea |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Yea |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Yea |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Yea |
| T. Travis Hackworth | — | Yea |
| Tammy Brankley Mulchi | — | Not Voting |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Yea |
| Timmy French | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
| William M. Stanley, Jr. | — | Nay |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (40)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Yea |
| Angelia Williams Graves | — | Yea |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Bill DeSteph | — | Yea |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Yea |
| Christie New Craig | — | Yea |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Yea |
| Danica A. Roem | — | Yea |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Yea |
| David W. Marsden | — | Yea |
| Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker | — | Yea |
| Emily M. Jordan | — | Yea |
| Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. | — | Yea |
| J.D. "Danny" Diggs | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Yea |
| Jennifer D. Carroll Foy | — | Yea |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Yea |
| Kannan Srinivasan | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Yea |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Yea |
| Luther Cifers, III | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Yea |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Yea |
| Michael J. Jones | — | Yea |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Yea |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Yea |
| Russet Perry | — | Yea |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Yea |
| Saddam Azlan Salim | — | Yea |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Yea |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Yea |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Yea |
| T. Travis Hackworth | — | Yea |
| Tammy Brankley Mulchi | — | Yea |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Yea |
| Timmy French | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
| William M. Stanley, Jr. | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (40)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Nay |
| Angelia Williams Graves | — | Nay |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Nay |
| Bill DeSteph | — | Nay |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Nay |
| Christie New Craig | — | Nay |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Nay |
| Danica A. Roem | — | Nay |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Nay |
| David W. Marsden | — | Nay |
| Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker | — | Nay |
| Emily M. Jordan | — | Nay |
| Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. | — | Nay |
| J.D. "Danny" Diggs | — | Nay |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Nay |
| Jennifer D. Carroll Foy | — | Nay |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Nay |
| Kannan Srinivasan | — | Nay |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Nay |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Nay |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Nay |
| Luther Cifers, III | — | Nay |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Nay |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Nay |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Nay |
| Michael J. Jones | — | Nay |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Nay |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Nay |
| Russet Perry | — | Nay |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Nay |
| Saddam Azlan Salim | — | Nay |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Nay |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Nay |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Nay |
| T. Travis Hackworth | — | Nay |
| Tammy Brankley Mulchi | — | Nay |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Nay |
| Timmy French | — | Nay |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Nay |
| William M. Stanley, Jr. | — | Nay |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 96 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | 96 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| % of votes cast | 97% | 1% | 0% | 2% |
How each member voted (99)
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 20 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 20 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 91% | 5% | 0% | 5% |
How each member voted (22)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Alex Q. Askew | — | Yea |
| Amy J. Laufer | — | Yea |
| Anne Ferrell Tata | — | Yea |
| Atoosa R. Reaser | — | Yea |
| Briana D. Sewell | — | Yea |
| Delores L. McQuinn | — | Yea |
| Destiny LeVere Bolling | — | Yea |
| Elizabeth R. Guzman | — | Yea |
| Eric R. Zehr | — | Yea |
| Gretchen M. Bulova | — | Yea |
| Hillary Pugh Kent | — | Yea |
| Jessica L. Anderson | — | Yea |
| Kelly K. Convirs-Fowler | — | Yea |
| Lindsey Dougherty | — | Yea |
| Madison Whittle | — | Nay |
| Mike A. Cherry | — | Yea |
| Nadarius E. Clark | — | Yea |
| Phillip A. Scott | — | Yea |
| Rae Cousins | — | Yea |
| Sam Rasoul | — | Yea |
| Shelly A. Simonds | — | Not Voting |
| Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 90% | 10% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (10)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Alex Q. Askew | — | Yea |
| Anne Ferrell Tata | — | Yea |
| Destiny LeVere Bolling | — | Yea |
| Gretchen M. Bulova | — | Yea |
| Hillary Pugh Kent | — | Yea |
| Jessica L. Anderson | — | Yea |
| Lindsey Dougherty | — | Yea |
| Mike A. Cherry | — | Nay |
| Rae Cousins | — | Yea |
| Shelly A. Simonds | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 38 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 38 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 95% | 3% | 0% | 3% |
How each member voted (40)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Yea |
| Adam P. Ebbin | — | Yea |
| Angelia Williams Graves | — | Yea |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Bill DeSteph | — | Yea |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Yea |
| Christie New Craig | — | Yea |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Yea |
| Danica A. Roem | — | Nay |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Yea |
| David W. Marsden | — | Yea |
| Emily M. Jordan | — | Yea |
| Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. | — | Yea |
| J.D. "Danny" Diggs | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Not Voting |
| Jennifer D. Carroll Foy | — | Yea |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Yea |
| Kannan Srinivasan | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Yea |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Yea |
| Luther Cifers, III | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Yea |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Yea |
| Michael J. Jones | — | Yea |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Yea |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Yea |
| Russet Perry | — | Yea |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Yea |
| Saddam Azlan Salim | — | Yea |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Yea |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Yea |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Yea |
| T. Travis Hackworth | — | Yea |
| Tammy Brankley Mulchi | — | Yea |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Yea |
| Timmy French | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
| William M. Stanley, Jr. | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 98% | 0% | 0% | 3% |
How each member voted (40)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Yea |
| Adam P. Ebbin | — | Yea |
| Angelia Williams Graves | — | Yea |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Bill DeSteph | — | Yea |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Yea |
| Christie New Craig | — | Yea |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Yea |
| Danica A. Roem | — | Yea |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Yea |
| David W. Marsden | — | Yea |
| Emily M. Jordan | — | Yea |
| Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. | — | Yea |
| J.D. "Danny" Diggs | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Not Voting |
| Jennifer D. Carroll Foy | — | Yea |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Yea |
| Kannan Srinivasan | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Yea |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Yea |
| Luther Cifers, III | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Yea |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Yea |
| Michael J. Jones | — | Yea |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Yea |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Yea |
| Russet Perry | — | Yea |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Yea |
| Saddam Azlan Salim | — | Yea |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Yea |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Yea |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Yea |
| T. Travis Hackworth | — | Yea |
| Tammy Brankley Mulchi | — | Yea |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Yea |
| Timmy French | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
| William M. Stanley, Jr. | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 35 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | 35 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| % of votes cast | 88% | 0% | 0% | 13% |
How each member voted (40)
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (15)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Christie New Craig | — | Yea |
| Christopher T. Head | — | Yea |
| David R. Suetterlein | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Lamont Bagby | — | Yea |
| Lashrecse D. Aird | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark J. Peake | — | Yea |
| Russet Perry | — | Yea |
| Schuyler T. VanValkenburg | — | Yea |
| Stella G. Pekarsky | — | Yea |
| Tara A. Durant | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (15)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron R. Rouse | — | Yea |
| Adam P. Ebbin | — | Yea |
| Barbara A. Favola | — | Yea |
| Bryce E. Reeves | — | Yea |
| David W. Marsden | — | Yea |
| Jennifer B. Boysko | — | Yea |
| Jeremy S. McPike | — | Yea |
| L. Louise Lucas | — | Yea |
| Mamie E. Locke | — | Yea |
| Mark D. Obenshain | — | Yea |
| R. Creigh Deeds | — | Yea |
| Richard H. Stuart | — | Yea |
| Ryan T. McDougle | — | Yea |
| Scott A. Surovell | — | Yea |
| Todd E. Pillion | — | Yea |
Subjects
Frequently asked questions
- What does SB394 do?
- Artificial intelligence; use of systems for student instruction.
- Who sponsors SB394?
- SB394 is sponsored by Stella G. Pekarsky.
- What is the current status of SB394?
- This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2026. Enacted.
- Where can I track SB394?
- Track SB394 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.
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