United States 119th Congress Status: In Committee 7 R cosponsors

S 164 — Midnight Rules Relief Act of 2025

Last action — Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Ordered to be reported without amendment favorably.

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. 2
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced January 21, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.

Next likely step: a committee vote, then a floor vote in the Senate.

Odds of enactment

Low chance

Based on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a low chance of becoming law.

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A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.

Prognosis

Stalled 26% · moderate confidence

  • In Committee

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 7 sponsors

    1 primary, 6 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Single-party support

    Sponsorship is currently within one party (7 R).

Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.

In plain language

This bill allows Congress to disapprove multiple last-minute regulations with one resolution.

The bill enables Congress to disapprove several regulations submitted during the last year of a President's term with a single resolution. This changes the current law, which only allows one regulation per resolution.

Summary

Midnight Rules Relief Act of 2025This bill allows Congress to disapprove multiple regulations under one joint resolution of disapproval if the regulations were submitted for review during a portion of the final year of a President's term.Under current law, the Congressional Review Act generally provides for a period of additional review during the succeeding Congress for regulations that were submitted during the last 60 legislative days of the prior Congress. However, each joint resolution may disapprove of only one regulation.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

12 added · 6 removed

Plain-language change summary

The text indicates that the version of the bill has been updated to reflect its reported status in the Senate, including the addition of a reporting date and committee reference. The previous session information has been removed, streamlining the document to focus on the current session. This change matters because it clarifies the bill’s legislative progress and current standing, making it easier for interested parties to follow its development.

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164 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 1st Session S.
164 Reported in Senate (RS)] <DOC> Calendar No.
564 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S.
Sheehy, and Mr.
Sheehy, Mr.
Lankford) introduced the following bill;
Lankford, and Mr.
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide for en bloc consideration in resolutions of disapproval for ``midnight rules'', and for other purposes.
Scott of Florida) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs September 14, 2026 Reported by Mr.
Paul, without amendment _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide for en bloc consideration in resolutions of disapproval for ``midnight rules'', and for other purposes.
<all>
Calendar No.
564 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S.
164 _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide for en bloc consideration in resolutions of disapproval for ``midnight rules'', and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________ September 14, 2026 Reported without amendment
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How this bill changes current law

2 changes Share ↗

Compared against current U.S. Code AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

The bill allows for en bloc consideration of resolutions of disapproval for rules submitted during the final year of a President's term.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 801(d)

    (4) In applying section 802 to rules described under paragraph (1), a joint resolution of disapproval may contain one or more such rules if the report under subsection (a)(1)(A) for each such rule was submitted during the final year of a President's term.

    This addition permits multiple disapproved rules from a President's last year to be considered together in one resolution.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 802(a)

    For purposes of this section, the term “joint resolution” means only a joint resolution introduced in the period beginning on the date on which the report referred to in section 801(a)(1)(A) is received by Congress and ending 60 days thereafter (excluding days either House of Congress is adjourned for more than 3 days during a session of Congress), the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That Congress disapproves the rule submitted by the __ relating to __, and such rule shall have no force or effect.” (The blank spaces being appropriately filled in). → (1) In general.-- (except as otherwise provided in this subsection) (2) Joint Resolutions Under Section 801(d)(4).--In the case of a joint resolution under section 801(d)(4), the matter after the resolving clause of such resolution shall be as follows: `That Congress disapproves the following rules: the rule submitted by the __ relating to __; and the rule submitted by the __ relating to __. Such rules shall have no force or effect.' (The blank spaces being appropriately filled in and additional clauses describing additional rules to be included as necessary).

    This modifies the definition of a joint resolution to allow for the inclusion of multiple rules in disapproval resolutions concerning midnight rules.

Action History

  1. Introduced in Senate

  2. Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

  3. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Ordered to be reported without amendment favorably.

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 6 co-sponsors · 540 not signed on

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (6)

Not signed on (540)

540 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 540 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Subjects

public-safety elections
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does S 164 do?
Midnight Rules Relief Act of 2025This bill allows Congress to disapprove multiple regulations under one joint resolution of disapproval if the regulations were submitted for review during a portion of the final year of a President's term.Under current law, the Congressional Review Act generally provides for a period of additional review during the succeeding Congress for regulations that were submitted during the last 60 legislative days of the prior Congress. However, each joint resolution may disapprove of only one regulation.
Who sponsors S 164?
S 164 is sponsored by Blackburn, Marsha (Republican), Lummis, Cynthia M. (Republican), Schmitt, Eric (Republican), Sheehy, Tim (Republican), Lankford, James (Republican), Scott, Rick (Republican), and Johnson, Ron (Republican).
What is the current status of S 164?
This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced January 21, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.
Where can I track S 164?
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