United States 119th Congress Status: In Committee 9 R cosponsors

S 33 — SOPRA

Last action — Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. 2
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced January 08, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.

Next likely step: a committee vote, then a floor vote in the Senate.

Prognosis

Stalled 26% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

Low

How often bills like it became law.

  • In Committee

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 9 sponsors

    1 primary, 8 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Single-party support

    Sponsorship is currently within one party (9 R).

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Summary

Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025 or SOPRAThis bill modifies the scope of judicial review of agency actions to authorize courts reviewing agency actions to decide de novo (i.e., without giving deference to the agency's interpretation) all relevant questions of law, including the interpretation of (1) constitutional and statutory provisions, (2) rules made by agencies, (3) interpretative rules, (4) general statements of policy, and (5) all other agency guidance documents.No law may exempt a civil action from the standard of review required by this bill except by specific reference to such provision.

Bill Text

How this bill changes current law

5 changes Share ↗

Compared against current U.S. Code AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

The bill modifies the process of judicial review of agency interpretations by clarifying the court's authority and scope of review.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 706

    To the extent necessary → (a) To the extent necessary

    This change designates the opening sentence as subsection (a), providing a clearer structure to the section.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 706

    decide all relevant questions of law, interpret constitutional and statutory provisions, and → and decide de novo all relevant questions of law, including the interpretation of constitutional and statutory provisions, rules made by agencies, and interpretative rules, general statements of policy, and all other agency guidance documents.

    This expands the scope of judicial review to include de novo decisions on various types of agency interpretations and guidance.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 706

    The reviewing court shall-- → (b) The reviewing court shall--

    This change designates the start of the list of actions the reviewing court can take as subsection (b), improving organization.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 706

    In making the foregoing determinations → (c) In making the foregoing determinations

    This change labels the procedural guidelines for making determinations as subsection (c), enhancing clarity.

  • 5 U.S.C. § 706

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this subsection shall apply in any action for judicial review of agency action authorized under any provision of law. No law may exempt any such civil action from the application of this section except by specific reference to this section.

    This addition ensures that the new rules on judicial review apply universally across different legal actions unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Action History

  1. Introduced in Senate

  2. Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 8 co-sponsors · 538 not signed on

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (8)

Not signed on (538)

538 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 538 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Subjects

public-safety civil-rights elections healthcare labor
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does S 33 do?
Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025 or SOPRAThis bill modifies the scope of judicial review of agency actions to authorize courts reviewing agency actions to decide de novo (i.e., without giving deference to the agency's interpretation) all relevant questions of law, including the interpretation of (1) constitutional and statutory provisions, (2) rules made by agencies, (3) interpretative rules, (4) general statements of policy, and (5) all other agency guidance documents.No law may exempt a civil action from the standard of review required by this bill except by specific reference to such provision.
Who sponsors S 33?
S 33 is sponsored by Schmitt, Eric (Republican), Cruz, Ted (Republican), Cramer, Kevin (Republican), Paul, Rand (Republican), Ernst, Joni (Republican), Budd, Ted (Republican), Blackburn, Marsha (Republican), Britt, Katie Boyd (Republican), and Hagerty, Bill (Republican).
What is the current status of S 33?
This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced January 08, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.
Where can I track S 33?
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Last checked for changes 3 months ago · updated continuously

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