SJM 5 — GLORIETA PASS CIVIL WAR BATTLE MEMORIAL

SENATEA JOINT MEMORIAL 5REQUESTING 54THTHE LEGISLATUREESTABLISHMENT -OF STATEAN OFAMERICAN NEWCIVIL MEXICOWAR -MEMORIAL FIRSTFOR SESSIO,THE 2019GLORIETA INTRODUCEDPASS BYCIVIL LindaWAR M.BATTLE SITE.

Lopez5 6WHEREAS, 8there 10were Amore JOINTthan MEMORIALeight REQUESTINGthousand THENew ESTABLISHMENTMexicans, OFsix ANthousand AMERICANthree CIVILhundred WARof MEMORIALwhom FORwere THESpanish-speaking GLORIETANew PASSMexico CIVILHispanos, WARwho BATTLEfought SITE.in the American Civil War in New Mexico in February and March of 1862;

14and WHEREAS, therethe weretwo moremajor thanbattles eight thousand New Mexicans, six thousand three hundred of whom were Spanish-speakingthe Newbattle Mexicoat Hispanos,Valverde who fought in the Americansouthern Civilpart Warof in New eMexico tand 17the Mexicobattle inat FebruaryGlorieta andpass Marchjust north of 1862;Santa Fe;

and w l n d 18 WHEREAS, the twoconfederates' majormove battlesto were the battlewest atduring Valverdethe =Civil =War 19was aprompted lby in the southernfact partthat ofthe Newconfederacy Mexicowas andlosing the battleCivil atWar Glorietato ithe aunion; e r 20 pass just north of Santa Fe;

and aWHEREAS, tthe mconfederates mwere 21in WHEREAS,urgent theneed confederates'of movesoldiers toand theresources westand duringtherefore thedevised da rplan eto 22head Civilwest Warto wascapture promptedNew byMexico theand factColorado thatfor the confederacygold wasand csilver emines sand kcontinue 23west losingto control the Civilports Warin tosouthern California and the union;finances, soldiers and resources that would come with these holdings;

and e a n b 24 WHEREAS, the confederatesfirst weremajor inbattle urgentfought needin ofthe soldierswest uwas [the andbattle resourcesat andValverde, thereforenorth devisedof aFort planCraig to head west to .212290.1 capture New Mexico and Coloradoone forhundred themiles goldsouth andof silverAlbuquerque, mineson andFebruary continue21, west1862, towhere control the portsconfederates indefeated southernthe Californiaunion andarmy thein finances,a soldiersbrutal and resourcesbloody thatSJM would5 comePage with1 thesebattle; holdings;

and WHEREAS, the first major battle fought in the west was the battle at Valverde, north of Fort Craig and one hundred miles south of Albuquerque, on February 21, 1862, where the confederates defeated the union army in a brutal and bloody battle;

and WHEREAS, the battle at Glorieta pass took place from March e e 17 26 to March 28, 1862;

and e e n d 18 WHEREAS, the eight hundred regular and volunteer union = = l ] 19 soldiers at Fort Union were joined by nine hundred fifty a l r i 20 Colorado volunteer infantrymen;

and t e a t WHEREAS, the New Mexico volunteers were led by Lieutenant m m 21 e d r e 22 Colonel Manuel Chavez, Captain Rafael Chacon, Corporal Albino c e r c 23 Garcia and scouts like Anastasio Duran, Innocencio Arellanes e a n b 24 and many others from Las Vegas and Chaperito, New Mexico;

and u [ WHEREAS, the New Mexico volunteers provided the .212290.1 - 2 - intelligence of this battle, as they knew the terrain, territory and mountains of the Pecos wilderness and Glorieta pass;

and WHEREAS, casualty figures vary, but it is estimated that the union soldiers suffered thirty-eight killed and sixty-four wounded, fifteen captured and three missing, and the confederates suffered thirty-six killed, sixty wounded SJM 5 Page 2 and twenty-five captured during the three-day battle;

and WHEREAS, the New Mexico Hispano volunteers led the effort to set the train of eighty wagons on fire and chased away more e e 17 than five hundred horses and mules;

and e e n d 18 WHEREAS, the confederates were left without ammunition, = = l ] 19 supplies, horses, mules or food and had no choice but to a l r i 20 accept defeat and retreat back to Santa Fe;

and t e a t WHEREAS, eventually, the confederates were forced to m m 21 e d r e 22 gather what little remained and prepare for the long retreat c e r c 23 back to San Antonio, Texas, as they were followed and closely e a n b 24 monitored by the New Mexico Hispano soldiers;

and u [ WHEREAS, this was classified as a major victory for the .212290.1 - 3 - union army, led by the Spanish-speaking soldiers and volunteers of New Mexico, whose knowledge of the terrain and territory proved to be the strategic key to this victory;

and SJM 5 Page 3 WHEREAS, the Civil War sites advisory commission was established in 1990 to identify the nation's historically significant Civil War sites, determine their relative importance, determine their condition, assess threats to their integrity and recommend alternatives for preserving and interpreting them;

and WHEREAS, the commission categorized each battlefield as class A, B, C and D according to its historical significance e e 17 and designated the priority of preservation of each battlefield e e n d 18 as I, II, III and IV based on historical significance, the = = l ] 19 integrity of the remaining battlefield features and the level a l r i 20 of threat to the battlefield's existence;

and t e a t WHEREAS, of the roughly ten thousand five hundred military m m 21 e d r e 22 actions of the Civil War, three hundred eighty-four, or three c e r c 23 and seven hundredths percent, were identified by the commission e a n b 24 as principal battles and rated according to their significance u [ and risk of loss;

and .212290.1 - 4 - WHEREAS, class A and B battlefields represent the principal strategic operations of the war, class A battlefields having a decisive influence on a campaign and a direct impact on the course of the war and class B SJM 5 Page 4 battlefields having a direct and decisive influence on the campaign;

and WHEREAS, since 1993, portions of the Glorieta pass e e 17 battlefield have become a unit of the national park service;

e e n d 18 and = = l ] 19 WHEREAS, the Glorieta pass unit Pigeon's ranch comprises a l r i 20 roughly twenty percent of the total battlefield, and the t e a t remaining eighty percent is in private ownership;

and m m 21 e d r e 22 WHEREAS, the Glorieta pass battlefield is managed by Pecos c e r c 23 national historic park and is supported by the Glorieta e a n b 24 battlefield coalition, a nonprofit citizens' organization;

and u [ WHEREAS, the Glorieta pass battlefield also is designated .212290.1 - 5 - as a national historic landmark, which means it is a site possessing exceptional value or quality in SJM 5 Page 5 illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States;

and e e 17 BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that a copy of this memorial be e e n d 18 transmitted to the co-chairs of the New Mexico legislative = = l ] 19 council and to the cultural affairs department, the county of a l r i 20 Santa Fe, the Hispano round table of New Mexico, the New Mexico t e a t league of united Latin American citizens and the historical m m 21 e d r e 22 society of New Mexico.

cSJM e5 rPage c 23 - 6 -25 e a n b 24 u [ .212290.1