State employment: memorandum of understanding: Bargaining Unit 7.
Do you support it?
Want to know if it passes?
We'll email you when AB 1627 moves — a committee vote, a floor vote, or a signature. Nothing else.
Free forever · unsubscribe in one click.
Your answer was recorded either way.
Which district are you in?
Your ZIP is all we need to match you to your own representatives — so we can tell you how they voted on AB 1627.
You're tracking AB 1627
We'll email you the moment it moves.
AB 1627 — State employment: memorandum of understanding: Bargaining Unit 7.
Last action — Chaptered by Secretary of State - Chapter 321, Statutes of 2016.
No card. One bill, free forever — alerts when it moves.
-
✓Introduced
-
✓In Committee
-
✓Passed Assembly
-
✓Passed Senate
-
✓To Executive
-
6Enacted
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 07, 2016. Enacted.
Prognosis
Where this bill stands today.
Odds of enactment
HighHow often bills like it became law.
-
Enacted
Current position in the legislative process.
-
1 sponsor
1 primary, 0 co-sponsors signed on.
-
Cleared a recorded vote
Passed 4 recorded votes so far.
Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.
Summary
(1) Existing law provides that a provision of a memorandum of understanding reached between the state employer and a recognized employee organization representing state civil service employees that requires the expenditure of funds does not become effective unless approved by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act. This bill would approve provisions of a memorandum of understanding entered into between the state employer and State Bargaining Unit 7, the California Statewide Law Enforcement Association, that require the expenditure of funds and would provide that these provisions will become effective even if these provisions are approved by the Legislature in legislation other than the annual Budget Act. This bill would provide that provisions of the memorandum of understanding approved by this bill that require the expenditure of funds will not take effect unless funds for those provisions are specifically appropriated by the Legislature and would authorize the state employer and the affected employee organization to meet and confer to renegotiate the affected provisions if funds for those provisions are not specifically appropriated by the Legislature. The bill would appropriate $38,611,000 in augmentation of certain items of the Budget Act of 2016, according to a specified schedule, for State Bargaining Unit 7 employee compensation for expenditure in the 2016–17 fiscal year. The bill would appropriate to the Controller from the General Fund, unallocated special funds, including federal funds and unallocated nongovernmental cost funds, and any other fund from which state employees are compensated, the amount necessary for the payment of compensation and employee benefits to state employees covered by the memorandum of understanding described above if the Budget Act is not enacted on or before July 1 in the 2017–18 or 2018–19 fiscal years, as specified. (2) The Public Employees' Medical and Hospital Care Act (PEMHCA) , which is administered by the Board of Administration of the Public Employees' Retirement System, prescribes methods for calculating the state employer contribution for postemployment health care benefits for eligible retired public employees and their families and for the vesting of these benefits. PEMHCA requires the employer contribution for an employee or annuitant who is in employment or retired from state service to be adjusted by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act, as specified. PEMHCA prescribes different ways of calculating the employer contributions for employees and annuitants depending on date of hire, years of service, and bargaining unit. This bill, for state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified, would limit the employer contribution for annuitants to 80% of the weighted average of the health benefit plan premiums for an active employee enrolled for self-alone, during the benefit year to which the formula is applied, for the 4 health benefit plans with the largest state civil service enrollment, as specified. The bill would similarly limit the employer contribution for an enrolled family member of an annuitant to 80% of the weighted average of the additional premiums required for enrollment of those family members during the benefit year to which the formula is applied and would provide the same limit on employer contributions for annuitants enrolled in Medicare health benefit plans. (3) PEMHCA requires state employees to have a specified number of years of state service, depending on hiring date and other factors, before they may receive any portion of the employer contribution payable for annuitants for postretirement health benefits and increases the percentage they may receive based upon additional years of service. This bill would prohibit state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified, from receiving any portion of the employer contribution payable for annuitants unless the person is credited with at least 15 years of state service at the time of retirement. The bill would prescribe the percentage of the employer contribution payable for postretirement health benefits for these employees based on the number of completed years of credited state service at retirement, with 50% after 15 credited years of service and 100% after 25 or more years of service. (4) PEMHCA generally requires that an employee or annuitant who is enrolled in, or whose family member is enrolled in, a Medicare health benefit plan be paid the amount of the Medicare Part B premiums, as specified, and prohibits this payment from exceeding the difference between the maximum employer contribution and the amount contributed by the employer toward the cost of premiums for the health benefit plan in which the employee or annuitant and his or her family members are enrolled. Existing law excepts from this requirement state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after specified dates and are represented by specified state bargaining units. This bill would also except from the requirement described above state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified. (5) PEMHCA establishes the Public Employees' Contingency Reserve Fund for the purpose of funding health benefits and funding administrative expenses. PEMHCA establishes the Annuitants' Health Care Coverage Fund, which is continuously appropriated, for the purpose prefunding health care coverage for annuitants, including administrative costs. PEMHCA defines "prefunding" for these purposes. Existing law requires the state and employees of State Bargaining Unit 9, 10, or 12 to prefund retiree health care with the goal of reaching a 50% cost sharing of normal costs by July 1, 2019, and prescribes schedules of contribution percentages in this regard. This bill would require the state and employees of State Bargaining Unit 7 to prefund retiree health care with the goal of reaching a 50% cost sharing of normal costs by July 1, 2019, and would prescribe a schedule of contribution percentages in this regard, with the contributions to be deposited in the Annuitants' Health Care Coverage Fund. By depositing new revenue in a continuously appropriated fund, this bill would make an appropriation. (6) Existing law, the State Employees' Dental Care Act, authorizes the state to enter into contracts, upon negotiations with employee organizations, with carriers for dental care plans for employees, annuitants, and eligible family members. Existing law permits these plans to include premiums to be paid by employees and annuitants and also authorizes the plans to be self-funded if an employer determines it to be cost effective. Existing law prohibits specified employees from receiving an employer contribution for these benefits for annuitants unless the person is credited with 10 or more years of state service or for other specified employees unless the person is credited with 15 or more years of state service. This bill would prohibit state employees, as specified, who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7 from receiving an employer contribution for dental benefits, as described above, for annuitants unless the person is credited with 15 or more years of state service. The bill would prescribe the percentage of the employer contribution payable for these dental benefits for these employees based on the number of completed years of credited state service at retirement, with 50% after 15 credited years of service and 100% after 25 or more years of service. (7) This bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as a bill providing for appropriations related to the Budget Bill.
Bill Text
- Chaptered 09/13/16 - Chaptered Current pdf September 13, 2016
- Enrolled 08/29/16 - Enrolled pdf August 29, 2016
- Amended 08/11/16 - Amended Senate pdf August 11, 2016
- Amended 04/14/16 - Amended Assembly pdf April 14, 2016
- Introduced 01/07/16 - Introduced pdf January 07, 2016
- AB1627 View text html
Action History
-
Chaptered by Secretary of State - Chapter 321, Statutes of 2016.
-
Approved by the Governor.
-
Enrolled and presented to the Governor at 12 p.m.
-
Senate amendments concurred in. To Engrossing and Enrolling. (Ayes 79. Noes 0. Page 6278.).
-
In Assembly. Concurrence in Senate amendments pending. May be considered on or after August 25 pursuant to Assembly Rule 77.
-
Read third time. Passed. Ordered to the Assembly. (Ayes 32. Noes 4. Page 5255.).
-
Read second time. Ordered to third reading.
-
From committee: Do pass. (Ayes 13. Noes 2.) (August 17).
-
From committee chair, with author's amendments: Amend, and re-refer to committee. Read second time, amended, and re-referred to Com. on B. & F.R.
-
Joint Rule 61 suspended. (Page 4868.)
-
In committee: Hearing postponed by committee.
-
In committee: Hearing postponed by committee.
-
Referred to Com. on B. & F.R.
-
In Senate. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment.
-
Read third time. Passed. Ordered to the Senate. (Ayes 51. Noes 26. Page 4583.)
-
Ordered to third reading.
-
Withdrawn from committee.
-
Assembly Rule 96 suspended. (Ayes 49. Noes 25. Page 4488.)
-
Re-referred to Com. on BUDGET.
-
From committee chair, with author's amendments: Amend, and re-refer to Com. on BUDGET. Read second time and amended.
-
Referred to Com. on BUDGET.
-
From printer. May be heard in committee February 7.
-
Read first time. To print.
Sponsors
- Committee on Budget · Primary
Sponsorship breakdown
Export CSV (upgrade) →1 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 121 not signed on · 8 voted No
Sponsors (1)
- Committee on Budget
Co-sponsors (0)
None.
Not signed on (121)
121 members have not signed on to this bill.
Show all 121 →"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.
Votes
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 69 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Democratic | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republican | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 79 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 99% | 0% | 0% | 1% |
How each member voted (80)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Achadjian | — | Yea |
| Baker | — | Yea |
| Bloom | — | Yea |
| Brough | — | Yea |
| Brown | — | Yea |
| Holden | — | Yea |
| Low | — | Yea |
| Maienschein | — | Yea |
| Mathis | — | Yea |
| Melendez | — | Yea |
| Obernolte | — | Yea |
| Ridley-Thomas | — | Yea |
| Santiago | — | Yea |
| Wagner | — | Yea |
| Weber | — | Yea |
| Eggman | — | Yea |
| Cooper | — | Yea |
| Daly | — | Yea |
| Salas | — | Yea |
| Frazier | — | Yea |
| Gatto | — | Yea |
| Gomez | — | Yea |
| Gordon | — | Yea |
| Harper | — | Yea |
| Chang | — | Yea |
| Jones-Sawyer | — | Yea |
| Kim | — | Yea |
| Levine | — | Yea |
| Linder | — | Yea |
| Gray | — | Yea |
| Mayes | — | Yea |
| McCarty | — | Yea |
| Atkins | — | Yea |
| Chau | — | Yea |
| Alejo | — | Yea |
| Bigelow | — | Yea |
| Chiu | — | Yea |
| Chu | — | Yea |
| Chávez | — | Yea |
| Cooley | — | Yea |
| Dababneh | — | Yea |
| Dodd | — | Yea |
| Nazarian | — | Yea |
| O'Donnell | — | Yea |
| Olsen | — | Yea |
| Rendon | — | Yea |
| Rodriguez | — | Yea |
| Steinorth | — | Yea |
| Thurmond | — | Yea |
| Waldron | — | Yea |
| Wilk | — | Yea |
| Williams | — | Yea |
| Bonilla | — | Yea |
| Lopez | — | Yea |
| Medina | — | Yea |
| Burke | — | Not Voting |
| Campos | — | Yea |
| Mullin | — | Yea |
| Quirk | — | Yea |
| Ting | — | Yea |
| Wood | — | Yea |
| Hadley | — | Yea |
| Beth Gaines | — | Yea |
| Cristina Garcia | — | Yea |
| Eduardo Garcia | — | Yea |
| Jim Patterson | — | Yea |
| Lorena Gonzalez | — | Yea |
| Mark Stone | — | Yea |
| Roger Hernández | — | Yea |
| Travis Allen | — | Yea |
| Arambula, Joaquin | Democratic | Yea |
| Bonta, Mia | Democratic | Yea |
| Calderon, Lisa | Democratic | Yea |
| Gipson, Mike A. | Democratic | Yea |
| Irwin, Jacqui | Democratic | Yea |
| Dahle, Megan | Republican | Yea |
| Gallagher, James | Republican | Yea |
| Grove, Shannon | Republican | Yea |
| Jones, Brian W. | Republican | Yea |
| Lackey, Tom | Republican | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 29 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Democratic | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 32 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| % of votes cast | 82% | 10% | 0% | 8% |
How each member voted (39)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Anderson | — | Nay |
| Beall | — | Yea |
| Hernandez | — | Yea |
| Hill | — | Yea |
| Leyva | — | Yea |
| Mendoza | — | Yea |
| Nielsen | — | Yea |
| Pavley | — | Yea |
| Wieckowski | — | Yea |
| Fuller | — | Not Voting |
| Cannella | — | Yea |
| Allen | — | Yea |
| Mitchell | — | Yea |
| Lara | — | Yea |
| Pan | — | Yea |
| Galgiani | — | Yea |
| De León | — | Yea |
| Glazer | — | Not Voting |
| Hall | — | Yea |
| Hancock | — | Yea |
| Bates | — | Nay |
| Block | — | Yea |
| Hertzberg | — | Yea |
| Hueso | — | Yea |
| Huff | — | Yea |
| Leno | — | Yea |
| Liu | — | Yea |
| Monning | — | Yea |
| Moorlach | — | Nay |
| Morrell | — | Not Voting |
| Roth | — | Yea |
| Vidak | — | Yea |
| Wolk | — | Yea |
| Beth Gaines | — | Nay |
| Bill Berryhill | — | Yea |
| Mark Stone | — | Yea |
| Jackson, Corey A. | Democratic | Yea |
| McGuire, Mike | Democratic | Yea |
| Nguyen, Stephanie | Democratic | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 12 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Democratic | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 13 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % of votes cast | 76% | 12% | 0% | 12% |
How each member voted (17)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Block | — | Yea |
| Moorlach | — | Nay |
| Nielsen | — | Yea |
| Wolk | — | Yea |
| Hancock | — | Yea |
| Leno | — | Yea |
| Allen | — | Yea |
| Mitchell | — | Yea |
| Anderson | — | Nay |
| Beall | — | Yea |
| Monning | — | Yea |
| Pan | — | Yea |
| Pavley | — | Yea |
| Roth | — | Yea |
| Glazer | — | Not Voting |
| Mark Stone | — | Not Voting |
| Nguyen, Stephanie | Democratic | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unaffiliated | 46 | 21 | 0 | 3 |
| Democratic | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republican | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 51 | 26 | 0 | 3 |
| % of votes cast | 64% | 33% | 0% | 4% |
How each member voted (80)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Achadjian | — | Nay |
| Alejo | — | Yea |
| Bloom | — | Yea |
| Brough | — | Nay |
| Brown | — | Yea |
| Linder | — | Nay |
| Low | — | Yea |
| Mathis | — | Not Voting |
| Obernolte | — | Nay |
| Rodriguez | — | Yea |
| Thurmond | — | Yea |
| Waldron | — | Nay |
| Williams | — | Yea |
| Eggman | — | Yea |
| Daly | — | Not Voting |
| Campos | — | Yea |
| Cooper | — | Yea |
| Dababneh | — | Yea |
| Gatto | — | Yea |
| Salas | — | Yea |
| Bonilla | — | Yea |
| Jones-Sawyer | — | Yea |
| Medina | — | Yea |
| Mullin | — | Yea |
| Nazarian | — | Yea |
| O'Donnell | — | Yea |
| Rendon | — | Yea |
| Gray | — | Yea |
| Lopez | — | Yea |
| Gomez | — | Yea |
| Harper | — | Nay |
| Atkins | — | Yea |
| Holden | — | Yea |
| Burke | — | Yea |
| Kim | — | Nay |
| Levine | — | Yea |
| Chang | — | Nay |
| Maienschein | — | Nay |
| Baker | — | Nay |
| Bigelow | — | Nay |
| Chau | — | Yea |
| Chiu | — | Yea |
| Chu | — | Yea |
| Chávez | — | Nay |
| Cooley | — | Yea |
| Dodd | — | Yea |
| Mayes | — | Nay |
| McCarty | — | Yea |
| Melendez | — | Nay |
| Olsen | — | Nay |
| Quirk | — | Yea |
| Ridley-Thomas | — | Yea |
| Santiago | — | Yea |
| Steinorth | — | Nay |
| Ting | — | Yea |
| Wagner | — | Nay |
| Weber | — | Yea |
| Wilk | — | Nay |
| Wood | — | Yea |
| Frazier | — | Yea |
| Gordon | — | Yea |
| Hadley | — | Not Voting |
| Beth Gaines | — | Nay |
| Cristina Garcia | — | Yea |
| Eduardo Garcia | — | Yea |
| Jim Patterson | — | Nay |
| Lorena Gonzalez | — | Yea |
| Mark Stone | — | Yea |
| Roger Hernández | — | Yea |
| Travis Allen | — | Nay |
| Arambula, Joaquin | Democratic | Yea |
| Bonta, Mia | Democratic | Yea |
| Calderon, Lisa | Democratic | Yea |
| Gipson, Mike A. | Democratic | Yea |
| Irwin, Jacqui | Democratic | Yea |
| Dahle, Megan | Republican | Nay |
| Gallagher, James | Republican | Nay |
| Grove, Shannon | Republican | Nay |
| Jones, Brian W. | Republican | Nay |
| Lackey, Tom | Republican | Nay |
Subjects
Frequently asked questions
- What does AB 1627 do?
- (1) Existing law provides that a provision of a memorandum of understanding reached between the state employer and a recognized employee organization representing state civil service employees that requires the expenditure of funds does not become effective unless approved by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act. This bill would approve provisions of a memorandum of understanding entered into between the state employer and State Bargaining Unit 7, the California Statewide Law Enforcement Association, that require the expenditure of funds and would provide that these provisions will become effective even if these provisions are approved by the Legislature in legislation other than the annual Budget Act. This bill would provide that provisions of the memorandum of understanding approved by this bill that require the expenditure of funds will not take effect unless funds for those provisions are specifically appropriated by the Legislature and would authorize the state employer and the affected employee organization to meet and confer to renegotiate the affected provisions if funds for those provisions are not specifically appropriated by the Legislature. The bill would appropriate $38,611,000 in augmentation of certain items of the Budget Act of 2016, according to a specified schedule, for State Bargaining Unit 7 employee compensation for expenditure in the 2016–17 fiscal year. The bill would appropriate to the Controller from the General Fund, unallocated special funds, including federal funds and unallocated nongovernmental cost funds, and any other fund from which state employees are compensated, the amount necessary for the payment of compensation and employee benefits to state employees covered by the memorandum of understanding described above if the Budget Act is not enacted on or before July 1 in the 2017–18 or 2018–19 fiscal years, as specified. (2) The Public Employees' Medical and Hospital Care Act (PEMHCA) , which is administered by the Board of Administration of the Public Employees' Retirement System, prescribes methods for calculating the state employer contribution for postemployment health care benefits for eligible retired public employees and their families and for the vesting of these benefits. PEMHCA requires the employer contribution for an employee or annuitant who is in employment or retired from state service to be adjusted by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act, as specified. PEMHCA prescribes different ways of calculating the employer contributions for employees and annuitants depending on date of hire, years of service, and bargaining unit. This bill, for state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified, would limit the employer contribution for annuitants to 80% of the weighted average of the health benefit plan premiums for an active employee enrolled for self-alone, during the benefit year to which the formula is applied, for the 4 health benefit plans with the largest state civil service enrollment, as specified. The bill would similarly limit the employer contribution for an enrolled family member of an annuitant to 80% of the weighted average of the additional premiums required for enrollment of those family members during the benefit year to which the formula is applied and would provide the same limit on employer contributions for annuitants enrolled in Medicare health benefit plans. (3) PEMHCA requires state employees to have a specified number of years of state service, depending on hiring date and other factors, before they may receive any portion of the employer contribution payable for annuitants for postretirement health benefits and increases the percentage they may receive based upon additional years of service. This bill would prohibit state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified, from receiving any portion of the employer contribution payable for annuitants unless the person is credited with at least 15 years of state service at the time of retirement. The bill would prescribe the percentage of the employer contribution payable for postretirement health benefits for these employees based on the number of completed years of credited state service at retirement, with 50% after 15 credited years of service and 100% after 25 or more years of service. (4) PEMHCA generally requires that an employee or annuitant who is enrolled in, or whose family member is enrolled in, a Medicare health benefit plan be paid the amount of the Medicare Part B premiums, as specified, and prohibits this payment from exceeding the difference between the maximum employer contribution and the amount contributed by the employer toward the cost of premiums for the health benefit plan in which the employee or annuitant and his or her family members are enrolled. Existing law excepts from this requirement state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after specified dates and are represented by specified state bargaining units. This bill would also except from the requirement described above state employees who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7, as specified. (5) PEMHCA establishes the Public Employees' Contingency Reserve Fund for the purpose of funding health benefits and funding administrative expenses. PEMHCA establishes the Annuitants' Health Care Coverage Fund, which is continuously appropriated, for the purpose prefunding health care coverage for annuitants, including administrative costs. PEMHCA defines "prefunding" for these purposes. Existing law requires the state and employees of State Bargaining Unit 9, 10, or 12 to prefund retiree health care with the goal of reaching a 50% cost sharing of normal costs by July 1, 2019, and prescribes schedules of contribution percentages in this regard. This bill would require the state and employees of State Bargaining Unit 7 to prefund retiree health care with the goal of reaching a 50% cost sharing of normal costs by July 1, 2019, and would prescribe a schedule of contribution percentages in this regard, with the contributions to be deposited in the Annuitants' Health Care Coverage Fund. By depositing new revenue in a continuously appropriated fund, this bill would make an appropriation. (6) Existing law, the State Employees' Dental Care Act, authorizes the state to enter into contracts, upon negotiations with employee organizations, with carriers for dental care plans for employees, annuitants, and eligible family members. Existing law permits these plans to include premiums to be paid by employees and annuitants and also authorizes the plans to be self-funded if an employer determines it to be cost effective. Existing law prohibits specified employees from receiving an employer contribution for these benefits for annuitants unless the person is credited with 10 or more years of state service or for other specified employees unless the person is credited with 15 or more years of state service. This bill would prohibit state employees, as specified, who are first employed and become members of the retirement system on or after January 1, 2017, and are represented by State Bargaining Unit 7 from receiving an employer contribution for dental benefits, as described above, for annuitants unless the person is credited with 15 or more years of state service. The bill would prescribe the percentage of the employer contribution payable for these dental benefits for these employees based on the number of completed years of credited state service at retirement, with 50% after 15 credited years of service and 100% after 25 or more years of service. (7) This bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as a bill providing for appropriations related to the Budget Bill.
- Who sponsors AB 1627?
- AB 1627 is sponsored by Committee on Budget.
- What is the current status of AB 1627?
- This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 07, 2016. Enacted.
- Where can I track AB 1627?
- Track AB 1627 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.
Make your voice heard on AB 1627
Find the representatives who decide this bill and tell them where you stand — for yourself, or mobilize your whole list in one click with One Click Politics advocacy software.
Stay ahead of AB 1627
Last checked for changes 3 months ago · updated continuously
One Click Politics tracks every bill in Congress and all 50 states.
Track this bill →