North Carolina 2025 Session Status: In Committee Bipartisan · 21 D · 5 R · 1 I cosponsors

HB 360 — Homeowner Protection Act.

Last action — Passed 1st Reading

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  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. 2
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed House
  4. 4
    Passed Senate
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill is in committee in the House. Introduced March 10, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.

Next likely step: a committee vote, then a floor vote in the House.

Prognosis

Advancing 42% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

Low

How often bills like it became law.

  • In Committee

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 27 sponsors

    3 primary, 24 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Bipartisan support

    Sponsored across 3 parties (21 D · 5 R · 1 I) — cross-party backing.

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

167 added · 166 removed

Plain-language change summary

The latest version of House Bill 360 adds specific details about what constitutes fraud related to residential property, including the ability to challenge suspicious instruments that are inconsistent with established property ownership records. This is important because it strengthens protections for real property owners against fraudulent claims, making it easier for them to resolve disputes and clear their titles. Clearly defining these terms helps reduce confusion and enhances legal clarity for property transactions in North Carolina.

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GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA H.B.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2025 H 1 HOUSE BILL 360 Short Title:
360 Mar 10, 2025 SESSION 2025 HOUSE PRINCIPAL CLERK H D HOUSE BILL DRH40229-MQ-27A Short Title:
Representative Reives.
Representatives Reives, Winslow, Schietzelt, and Rubin (Primary Sponsors).
For a complete list of sponsors, refer to the North Carolina General Assembly web site.
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT TO CREATE ADDITIONAL CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR CERTAIN FRAUDULENT INSTRUMENTS;
Judiciary 2, if favorable, Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House March 12, 2025 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT TO CREATE ADDITIONAL CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR CERTAIN FRAUDULENT INSTRUMENTS;
– If any person, of his that person's own head and imagination, or by false conspiracy or fraud with others, shall wittingly and falsely forge and make, or shall cause or wittingly assent to theforging or making of, or shall show forth in evidence, knowing the same to beforged, any deed, leaseorwill,oranybond,writing obligatory,bill ofexchange,promissory note, endorsement or assignment thereof;
– If any person, of his that person's own head and imagination, or by false conspiracy or fraud with others, shall wittingly and falsely forge and make, or shall cause or wittinglyassent to the forging or makingof, or shall show forth in evidence, knowing the same to beforged, anydeed, leaseorwill,oranybond, writingobligatory,bill ofexchange,promissory note, endorsement or assignment thereof;
(b) Residential Property Fraud.
(b) Residential PropertyFraud.
c.
*H360-v-1* General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 c.
*DRH40229-MQ-27A* General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (2) Suspicious instrument.
(2) Suspicious instrument.
(b) The actual owner of an interest in real property subject to a recorded false, fictitious, orfraudulent instrument mayseek expedited relief underthis section by filing anaction in district court alleging the filing or recording of a false, fictitious, or fraudulent instrument in a public record or a private record generally available to the public.
(b) The actual owner of an interest in real property subject to a recorded false, fictitious, orfraudulent instrument mayseek expedited relief underthis sectionbyfiling anaction in district court alleging the filing or recording of a false, fictitious, or fraudulent instrument in a public record or a private record generally available to the public.
(5) Enjoin apartyfrom listing thereal property forsale,lease, or any othersimilar advertisement.
(5) Enjoin apartyfrom listingthereal propertyforsale,lease,or anyothersimilar advertisement.
The register of deeds or clerk of superior court may also conspicuously mark on the first page of the original record previously recorded thefollowing statement:
The register of deeds or clerk of superior court may also conspicuously mark on the first page of the original record previously Page 2 House Bill 360-First Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 recorded thefollowingstatement:
"THECLAIM ASSERTEDINTHIS DOCUMENTIS FALSE AND IS NOT PROVIDED FOR BY THE GENERAL LAWS OF THIS STATE." Page 2 DRH40229-MQ-27A General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (d) The presentation of an instrument for recording with a register of deeds or a clerk of superior court that is determined to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent shall constitute a violation of G.S.
"THECLAIM ASSERTED INTHIS DOCUMENT IS FALSE AND IS NOT PROVIDED FOR BY THE GENERAL LAWS OF THIS STATE." (d) The presentation of an instrument for recording with a register of deeds or a clerk of superior court that is determined to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent shall constitute a violation of G.S.
(2) Require verification by an attorney licensed in this State that the instrument is legally authorized in substance and in form under a specified statute.
(2) Require verification by an attorneylicensed in this State that the instrument is legally authorized in substance and in form under a specified statute.
In addition to the requirements set forth in this section, the form shall include clear language notifying the filing party that providing false information or statements is perjury pursuant to G.S.
In addition to the requirements set forth in this section, the form shall include clear language notifying the filing party that providing false information or statements is perjurypursuant to G.S.
(1) When any conveyanceof real property (otherthan adeed oftrust ormortgage) is recorded, the board of county commissioners may require the register of deeds to certify to the assessor:
(1) When anyconveyanceof real property(otherthan adeed oftrust ormortgage) is recorded, the board of county commissioners may require the register of deeds to certify to the assessor:
The name and name, residence address, and, if applicable, current mailing address of the person to whomthe property is being conveyed.
The name and name, residence address, and, if applicable, current mailing address of the person to whomthe propertyis being conveyed.
(2) When any conveyanceof real property (otherthan adeed oftrust ormortgage) is submitted for recordation, the board of county commissioners may require the register of deeds to refuse to record it unless it has been presented to the DRH40229-MQ-27A Page 3 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 assessor and the assessor has noted thereon that he has obtained the information he desires from the conveyance and from the person recording it.
House Bill 360-First Edition Page 3 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (2) When anyconveyanceof real property(otherthan adeed oftrust ormortgage) is submitted for recordation, the board of county commissioners may require the register of deeds to refuse to record it unless it has been presented to the assessor and the assessor has noted thereon that he has obtained the information he desires from the conveyance and from the person recording it.
________, a licensed North Carolina attorney, based upon satisfactory verification of vesting of record title to the property herein through the source of title referenced herein." (c) Asused in thissection, theterm "conveyance" means atransferoftitleto real property by deed, devise, or other similar instrument." SECTION 6.
________, a licensed North Carolina attorney, based upon satisfactory verification of vesting of record title to the property herein through the source of title referenced herein." (c) Asused in thissection, theterm "conveyance"means atransferoftitleto real property by deed, devise, or other similar instrument." SECTION 6.
Page 4 DRH40229-MQ-27A
Page 4 House Bill 360-First Edition
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View plain text versions (2)

How this bill changes current law

7 changes Share ↗

Compared against the N.C. General Statutes as published AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

The bill establishes additional criminal penalties for certain fraudulent instruments and modifies existing laws on the recording of such instruments.

  • G.S. 14-122

    the person so offending shall be punished as a Class H felon. → the person so offending shall be punished as a Class D felon.

    Increases the penalty for forgery related to residential property from a Class H to a Class D felony.

  • G.S. 14-122

    (b) Residential Property Fraud. – In an instance where a violation of this section involves the forgery of a deed, lease, will, lien, encumbrance, or other conveyance of an interest in real property relating to residential property, the person so offending shall be punished as a Class D felon.

    Creates a specific classification of fraud for residential property with a harsher penalty.

  • G.S. 115C-457.2

    Upon a finding by the court that an action filed under this section is frivolous or malicious, assess a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), of which the clear proceeds assessed under this subdivision shall be remitted to the Civil Penalty and Forfeiture Fund in accordance with G.S. 115C-457.2.

    Introduces potential civil penalties for malicious litigation related to fraudulent instruments.

  • G.S. 14-118.6

    The presentation of an instrument for recording with a register of deeds or a clerk of superior court that is determined to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent shall constitute a violation of G.S. 75-1.1.

    Links the filing of fraudulent instruments to violations of deceptive trade practices.

  • G.S. 14-118.6

    A suspicious instrument that has been recorded after the entry of an order to remove the cloud from the title of the real property is declared void and unenforceable as a matter of law with respect to real property described in the instrument in the order.

    Declares recorded suspicious instruments as void and unenforceable under certain conditions.

  • G.S. 14-118.6

    The recordation of a memorandum of possible fraud under subsection (b) of this section shall automatically stay any proceedings involving the real property for a period of 60 days from the recording of the memorandum of possible fraud or the recordation of an order declaring the recorded instrument false and void as a matter of law, whichever occurs first.

    Imposes a 60-day stay on proceedings involving real property once a memorandum of possible fraud is recorded.

  • G.S. 14-118.6

    No fee shall be charged for the recording of a memorandum of possible fraud or an order declaring a recorded instrument to be false submitted in accordance with this section.

    Eliminates fees for recording certain legal documents related to fraudulent instruments.

Action History

  1. Passed 1st Reading

  2. Ref to the Com on Judiciary 2, if favorable, Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House

  3. Filed

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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3 sponsors · 24 co-sponsors · 152 not signed on

Sponsors (3)

Co-sponsors (24)

Not signed on (152)

152 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 152 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Subjects

public-safety housing
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

Who sponsors HB 360?
HB 360 is sponsored by Dennis Riddell (Republican), Amos L. Quick, III (Democratic), Renée A. Price (Democratic), Lindsey Prather (Democratic), Dante Pittman (Democratic), Garland E. Pierce (Democratic), Tim Longest (Democratic), Ya Liu (Democratic), Zack Hawkins (Democratic), Julia Greenfield (Democratic), Allison A. Dahle (Democratic), Carla D. Cunningham (U), Tricia Ann Cotham (Republican), Mike Colvin (Democratic), Tracy Clark (Democratic), Allen Buansi (Democratic), Terry M. Brown Jr. (Democratic), Gloristine Brown (Democratic), Cynthia Ball (Democratic), Vernetta Alston (Democratic), Eric Ager (Democratic), Phil Rubin (Democratic), Mike Schietzelt (Republican), Matthew Winslow (Republican), Robert T. Reives, II (Democratic), Neal Jackson (Republican), and Charles Smith (Democratic).
What is the current status of HB 360?
This bill is in committee in the House. Introduced March 10, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.
Where can I track HB 360?
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