North Carolina 2025 Session Status: Passed Senate 3 R cosponsors

SB 493 — Land Use Clarification and Changes.

Last action — Amend Adopted A1

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has passed the Senate. Introduced March 25, 2025. It now moves to the second chamber.

Next likely step: consideration and a floor vote in the House.

Odds of enactment

Moderate chance

Based on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a moderate chance of becoming law.

Upgrade to see the exact probability and what's driving it.

A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.

Prognosis

Advancing 52% · moderate confidence

  • Passed Senate

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 3 sponsors

    2 primary, 1 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Single-party support

    Sponsorship is currently within one party (3 R).

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 2 recorded votes so far.

Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

377 added · 383 removed

Plain-language change summary

The latest version of Senate Bill 493 includes a few important clarifications and corrections. Firstly, it specifies that certain zoning regulations apply to properties whose owners request modifications, which could simplify the approval process for those properties. This change ensures that only relevant properties are subject to the regulations, potentially streamlining development in commercial areas. Overall, these adjustments aim to make the bill clearer and more practical for local governments and property owners.

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GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2025 S 2 SENATE BILL 493 Second Edition Engrossed 5/6/25 Short Title:
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2025 S 1 SENATE BILL 493 Short Title:
A vested right, once established as provided for in this section or by common law, precludes any action by a local government that would change, alter, impair, *S493-v-2* General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 prevent, diminish, or otherwise delay the development or use of the property allowed by the applicable land development regulation or regulations, except where a change in State or federal law mandating local government enforcement occurs after the development application is submitted that has a fundamental and retroactive effect on the development or use.
A vested right, once established as provided for in this section or by common law, precludes any action by a local government that would change, alter, impair, *S493-v-1* General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 prevent, diminish, or otherwise delay the development or use of the property allowed by the applicable land development regulation or regulations, except where a change in State or federal law mandating local government enforcement occurs after the development application is submitted that has a fundamental and retroactive effect on the development or use.
…." SECTION 2.3.(a) G.S.
…." SECTION 2.3.
G.S.
The mutual agreement under subsection (a) of this section shall be evidenced by a resolution formally adopted by each governing board and recorded with the register of deeds in the every county where the property land is located within 14 days of the adoption of the last required resolution." Page 2 Senate Bill 493-Second Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 SECTION 2.3.(b) G.S.
The mutual agreement under subsection (a) of this section shall be evidenced by a resolution formally adopted by each governing board and recorded with the register of deeds in the every county where the property land is located within 14 days of the adoption of the last required resolution.
160D-102(18) reads as rewritten:
Page 2 Senate Bill 493-First Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (d) For the purposes of this section, "landowner" means all titleholders of record owning an interest in the land." SECTION 2.4.
"(18) Landowner or owner.
– The holder All holders of record of the title in fee simple.
Absent evidence to the contrary, a local government may rely on the county tax records to determine who is a landowner.
The landowner may authorize a person holding a valid option, lease, or contract to purchase to act as his or her agent or representative for the purpose of making applications for development approvals." SECTION 2.4.
PART III.
5 PART III.
– A city may not exercise any power conferred bythisChapterinitsextraterritorialjurisdictionthatitisnotexercisingwithinitscorporatelimits.
– A city may not exercise any power conferred bythisChapterinitsextraterritorialjurisdictionthatitisnotexercisingwithin itscorporatelimits.
160D-601, and of the right of all residents of the area to apply to the board of county commissioners to serve as a representative on the planning board and the board of Senate Bill 493-Second Edition Page 3 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 adjustment, as provided in G.S.
160D-601, and of the right of all residents of the area to apply to the board of county commissioners to serve as a representative on the planning board and the board of adjustment, as provided in G.S.
(e) Boundaries.
Senate Bill 493-First Edition Page 3 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (e) Boundaries.
Page 4 Senate Bill 493-Second Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (k) Effect on Vested Rights.
(k) Effect on Vested Rights.
The city or county acquiring jurisdiction may take any action regarding such a development approval, certificate, or other evidence of compliance that could have been taken by the local government surrendering jurisdiction pursuant to its development regulations.
The city or county acquiring Page 4 Senate Bill 493-First Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 jurisdiction may take any action regarding such a development approval, certificate, or other evidence of compliance that could have been taken by the local government surrendering jurisdiction pursuant to its development regulations.
160D-1104 either by (i) creating its own inspection department, (ii) creating a joint inspection department in cooperation with one or more other units of local government, pursuant to Part 1 of Article 20 of Chapter 160A of the General Statutes, (iii) contracting with another unit of local government for the provision of inspection services pursuant to Part 1 of Article 20 of Chapter 160A of the General Statutes, or (iv) arranging for the county in which a city is located Senate Bill 493-Second Edition Page 5 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 to perform inspection services within the city's jurisdiction as authorized byG.S.
160D-1104 either by (i) creating its own inspection department, (ii) creating a joint inspection department in cooperation with one or more other units of local government, pursuant to Part 1 of Article 20 of Chapter 160A of the General Statutes, (iii) contracting with another unit of local government for the provision of inspection services pursuant to Part 1 of Article 20 of Chapter 160A of the General Statutes, or (iv) arranging for the county in which a city is located to perform inspection services within the city's jurisdiction as authorized by G.S.
160D-1104." SECTION 3.1.(i) G.S.
160D-1104." Senate Bill 493-First Edition Page 5 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 SECTION 3.1.(i) G.S.
No later than the 180th day after the receipt of an approval program and statement submittedbyanylocal government,commission,authority,orboard,theDepartmentshallcertify any local program that meets all of the following conditions:
No later than the 180th day after the receipt of an approval program and statement submittedbyanylocal government,commission,authority,orboard,theDepartmentshall certify any local program that meets all of the following conditions:
"(b) In keeping with its overall zoning scheme and long-range plans regarding the extraterritorial jurisdiction area, a A municipality may keep open and assume responsibility for maintenance of a road within one mile of its corporate limits once it is abandoned from the State highway system." Page 6 Senate Bill 493-Second Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 SECTION 3.1.(n) G.S.
"(b) In keeping with its overall zoning scheme and long-range plans regarding the extraterritorial jurisdiction area, a A municipality may keep open and assume responsibility for maintenance of a road within one mile of its corporate limits once it is abandoned from the State highway system." SECTION 3.1.(n) G.S.
– A municipality may, but is not required to, participate in the right-of-way and construction cost of a State transportation improvement approved by the Board of Transportation under G.S.
– A municipality may, but is not required to, participate in the right-of-way and construction cost of a State transportation improvement Page 6 Senate Bill 493-First Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 approved by the Board of Transportation under G.S.
For purposes of this subsection, the service area of a municipality shall include only that area within the corporate limits of the municipality and that area outside a municipality in its extraterritorial jurisdiction where sewer Senate Bill 493-Second Edition Page 7 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 service or a reclaimed water utilization system is already being provided by the municipality to the permit applicant or connection to the municipal sewer system or a reclaimed water utilization system is immediately available to the applicant;
For purposes of this subsection, the service area of a municipality shall include only that area within the corporate limits of the municipality and that area outside a municipality in its extraterritorial jurisdiction where sewer service or a reclaimed water utilization system is already being provided by the municipality to the permit applicant or connection to the municipal sewer system or a reclaimed water utilization system is immediately available to the applicant;
the service areas of counties and the other entities or groups shall include only those areas where sewer service or a reclaimed water utilization system is already being provided to the applicant by the permitting authority or connection to the permitting authority's system is immediately available.
the service areas of counties and the other Senate Bill 493-First Edition Page 7 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 entities or groups shall include only those areas where sewer service or a reclaimed water utilization system is already being provided to the applicant by the permitting authority or connection to the permitting authority's system is immediately available.
Page 8 Senate Bill 493-Second Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (2) For counties with a population between 25,001 and 50,000 according to the last federal decennial census, October 1, 2027.
(2) For counties with a population between 25,001 and 50,000 according to the last federal decennial census, October 1, 2027.
SECTION 3.2.(a) No city may expand its extraterritorial jurisdiction beyond the territorythat thecitywas exercisingextraterritorial jurisdiction authorityuponas ofJune1,2025.
SECTION 3.2.(a) No city may expand its extraterritorial jurisdiction beyond the territorythat thecitywas exercisingextraterritorial jurisdictionauthorityupon as ofJune1,2025.
SECTION 3.2.(b) Cities continuing to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction authority shall continue to appoint representation on boards in accordance with G.S.
Page 8 Senate Bill 493-First Edition General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 SECTION 3.2.(b) Cities continuing to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction authority shall continue to appoint representation on boards in accordance with G.S.
Senate Bill 493-Second Edition Page 9 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 SECTION 3.4.(a) This Part shall have no effect on the extraterritorial jurisdiction of law enforcement officers as authorized in any of the following:
SECTION 3.4.(a) This Part shall have no effect on the extraterritorial jurisdiction of law enforcement officers as authorized in any of the following:
(4) G.S.
Senate Bill 493-First Edition Page 9 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025 (4) G.S.
Page 10 Senate Bill 493-Second Edition
Page 10 Senate Bill 493-First Edition
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Action History

  1. Amend Adopted A1

  2. Passed 2nd Reading

  3. Passed 3rd Reading

  4. Engrossed

  5. Special Message Sent To House

  6. Special Message Received From Senate

  7. Passed 1st Reading

  8. Ref To Com On Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House

  9. Reptd Fav

  10. Reptd Fav

  11. Re-ref Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate

  12. Sequential Referral To Finance Stricken

  13. Passed 1st Reading

  14. Ref To Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate

  15. Withdrawn From Com

  16. Re-ref to Judiciary. If fav, re-ref to Finance. If fav, re-ref to Rules and Operations of the Senate

  17. Filed

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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2 sponsors · 1 co-sponsors · 176 not signed on · 12 voted No

Sponsors (2)

Co-sponsors (1)

Not signed on (176)

176 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 176 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

Second Reading

Passed 33 Yea · 12 Nay · 5 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Democratic 51203
Republican 28002
Total 331205
% of votes cast 66%24%0%10%
How each member voted (50)
Member Party Vote
Caleb Theodros Democratic Not Voting
Dan Blue Democratic Nay
DeAndrea Salvador Democratic Nay
Gale Adcock Democratic Nay
Gladys A. Robinson Democratic Nay
Graig Meyer Democratic Nay
Jay J. Chaudhuri Democratic Yea
Joyce Waddell Democratic Nay
Julie Mayfield Democratic Yea
Kandie D. Smith Democratic Nay
Lisa Grafstein Democratic Nay
Michael Garrett Democratic Not Voting
Mujtaba A. Mohammed Democratic Nay
Natalie S. Murdock Democratic Yea
Paul A. Lowe, Jr. Democratic Nay
Sophia Chitlik Democratic Yea
Sydney Batch Democratic Not Voting
Terence Everitt Democratic Yea
Val Applewhite Democratic Nay
Woodson Bradley Democratic Nay
Amy S. Galey Republican Yea
Benton G. Sawrey Republican Yea
Bill Rabon Republican Yea
Bob Brinson Republican Yea
Bobby Hanig Republican Yea
Brad Overcash Republican Yea
Brent Jackson Republican Yea
Carl Ford Republican Not Voting
Chris Measmer Republican Yea
Dana Jones Republican Yea
Danny Earl Britt, Jr. Republican Yea
David W. Craven, Jr. Republican Yea
Eddie D. Settle Republican Yea
Jim Burgin Republican Yea
Kevin Corbin Republican Not Voting
Lisa S. Barnes Republican Yea
Mark Hollo Republican Yea
Michael A. Lazzara Republican Yea
Michael V. Lee Republican Yea
Norman W. Sanderson Republican Yea
Paul Newton Republican Yea
Phil Berger Republican Yea
Ralph Hise Republican Yea
Steve Jarvis Republican Yea
Timothy D. Moffitt Republican Yea
Todd Johnson Republican Yea
Tom McInnis Republican Yea
Vickie Sawyer Republican Yea
W. Ted Alexander Republican Yea
Warren Daniel Republican Yea

Official roll call →

Amendment 1

Passed 44 Yea · 1 Nay · 5 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Democratic 16103
Republican 28002
Total 44105
% of votes cast 88%2%0%10%
How each member voted (50)
Member Party Vote
Caleb Theodros Democratic Not Voting
Dan Blue Democratic Yea
DeAndrea Salvador Democratic Yea
Gale Adcock Democratic Yea
Gladys A. Robinson Democratic Yea
Graig Meyer Democratic Yea
Jay J. Chaudhuri Democratic Yea
Joyce Waddell Democratic Yea
Julie Mayfield Democratic Yea
Kandie D. Smith Democratic Yea
Lisa Grafstein Democratic Nay
Michael Garrett Democratic Not Voting
Mujtaba A. Mohammed Democratic Yea
Natalie S. Murdock Democratic Yea
Paul A. Lowe, Jr. Democratic Yea
Sophia Chitlik Democratic Yea
Sydney Batch Democratic Not Voting
Terence Everitt Democratic Yea
Val Applewhite Democratic Yea
Woodson Bradley Democratic Yea
Amy S. Galey Republican Yea
Benton G. Sawrey Republican Yea
Bill Rabon Republican Yea
Bob Brinson Republican Yea
Bobby Hanig Republican Yea
Brad Overcash Republican Yea
Brent Jackson Republican Yea
Carl Ford Republican Not Voting
Chris Measmer Republican Yea
Dana Jones Republican Yea
Danny Earl Britt, Jr. Republican Yea
David W. Craven, Jr. Republican Yea
Eddie D. Settle Republican Yea
Jim Burgin Republican Yea
Kevin Corbin Republican Not Voting
Lisa S. Barnes Republican Yea
Mark Hollo Republican Yea
Michael A. Lazzara Republican Yea
Michael V. Lee Republican Yea
Norman W. Sanderson Republican Yea
Paul Newton Republican Yea
Phil Berger Republican Yea
Ralph Hise Republican Yea
Steve Jarvis Republican Yea
Timothy D. Moffitt Republican Yea
Todd Johnson Republican Yea
Tom McInnis Republican Yea
Vickie Sawyer Republican Yea
W. Ted Alexander Republican Yea
Warren Daniel Republican Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

housing education
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

Who sponsors SB 493?
SB 493 is sponsored by Brad Overcash (Republican), Timothy D. Moffitt (Republican), and Michael V. Lee (Republican).
What is the current status of SB 493?
This bill has passed the Senate. Introduced March 25, 2025. It now moves to the second chamber.
Where can I track SB 493?
Track SB 493 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.

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