Kentucky 2025 Regular Session Status: Enacted

SB 4 — AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.

Last action — signed by Governor (Acts Ch. 66)

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. ✓
    Passed Senate
  4. ✓
    Passed House
  5. ✓
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced February 18, 2025. Enacted.

Signed by Governor Andy Beshear (Democratic) on March 24, 2025.

Prognosis

Likely to advance 68% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

High

How often bills like it became law.

  • Enacted

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 2 recorded votes so far.

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Summary

Amend KRS 42.722 to define terms relating to artificial intelligence; amend KRS 42.726 to require the Commonwealth Office of Technology to establish and implement policy standards for the use of artificial intelligence; create a new section of KRS 42.720 to 42.742 to create the Artificial Intelligence Governance Committee; task the committee with the establishment of responsible, ethical, and transparent procedures for the allowable use, development, and approval of artificial intelligence for any department, program, cabinet, agency, and administrative body that uses and accesses the Commonwealth's information technology and technology infrastructure; require public disclosure of any use of artificial intelligence; provide employee education and training; prioritize personal privacy and protection of the data of individuals and businesses; require the Commonwealth Office of Technology to promulgate administrative regulations; amend KRS 117.001 to define "electioneering communication," "information content provider," "interactive computer service," "sponsor," and "synthetic media"; create a new section of KRS Chapter 117 to establish a cause of action for the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication; establish an affirmative defense that the electioneering communication includes a conspicuous disclosure; provide that the sponsor of the electioneering communication may be held liable, but the medium and its advertising sales representative are not liable, except in certain circumstances; EMERGENCY.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

491 added · 656 removed

491 line(s) added, 656 removed.

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UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
CHAPTER 66 1 CHAPTER 66 ( SB 4 ) AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
Page 1 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (6) "Developer" means any department, agency, or administrative body that develops or intentionally and substantially modifies a high-risk artificial intelligence system that is offered, purchased, sold, leased, given, or otherwise provided to citizens and businesses in the Commonwealth;
(6) "Developer" means any department, agency, or administrative body that develops or intentionally and substantially modifies a high-risk artificial intelligence system that is offered, purchased, sold, leased, given, or otherwise provided to citizens and businesses in the Commonwealth;
and Page 2 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (b) Does not include a system or service intended to perform a narrow procedural task, improve the result of a completed human activity, or detect decision-making patterns or deviations from previous decision-making patterns and is not meant to replace or influence human assessment without human review, or perform a preparatory task in an assessment relevant to a consequential decision;
and (b) Does not include a system or service intended to perform a narrow procedural task, improve the result of a completed human activity, or detect decision-making patterns or deviations from previous Legislative Research Commission PDF Version ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY decision-making patterns and is not meant to replace or influence human assessment without human review, or perform a preparatory task in an assessment relevant to a consequential decision;
Page 3 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN Section 2.
Section 2.
Page 4 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN 2.
2.
and 8.
and CHAPTER 66 3 8.
(k) Coordinating multiagency information technology projects, including overseeing the development and maintenance of statewide base maps and Page 5 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN geographic information systems;
(k) Coordinating multiagency information technology projects, including overseeing the development and maintenance of statewide base maps and geographic information systems;
Development of and making available a cyber security incident response plan and procedure;[ and] Page 6 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (q) Establishing, publishing, maintaining, and implementing comprehensive policy standards and procedures for the responsible, ethical, and transparent use of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems by departments, agencies, and administrative bodies, including but not limited to policy standards and procedures that:
Development of and making available a cyber security incident response plan and procedure;[ and] (q) Establishing, publishing, maintaining, and implementing comprehensive policy standards and procedures for the responsible, ethical, and transparent use of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems by departments, agencies, and administrative bodies, including but not limited to policy standards and procedures that:
(a) Provide general consulting services, technical training, and support for generic software applications, upon request from a local government, if the executive director finds that the requested services can be rendered within the established terms of the federally approved cost allocation plan;
Legislative Research Commission PDF Version ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY (a) Provide general consulting services, technical training, and support for generic software applications, upon request from a local government, if the executive director finds that the requested services can be rendered within the established terms of the federally approved cost allocation plan;
(e) Make and enter into memoranda of agreement and contracts necessary or Page 7 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN incidental to the performance of duties and execution of its powers, including but not limited to agreements or contracts with the United States, other state agencies, and any governmental subdivision of the Commonwealth;
(e) Make and enter into memoranda of agreement and contracts necessary or incidental to the performance of duties and execution of its powers, including but not limited to agreements or contracts with the United States, other state agencies, and any governmental subdivision of the Commonwealth;
Page 8 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (b) Actions taken to resolve the security breach, and to prevent additional security breaches in the future;
(b) Actions taken to resolve the security breach, and to prevent additional security breaches in the future;
and (e) Developing an approval process to include a registry of application, use case, and decision rationale aimed at mitigation of risks.
and CHAPTER 66 5 (e) Developing an approval process to include a registry of application, use case, and decision rationale aimed at mitigation of risks.
Page 9 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (a) Verify the use and development of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems;
(a) Verify the use and development of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems;
Page 10 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN (a) How the artificial intelligence system will not result in unlawful discrimination against any individual or group of individuals;
(a) How the artificial intelligence system will not result in unlawful discrimination against any individual or group of individuals;
(6) (a) A department, agency, or administrative body shall disclose to the public, through a clear and conspicuous disclaimer, when generative artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence systems, or other artificial intelligence- related capabilities are used:
(6) (a) A department, agency, or administrative body shall disclose to the public, through a clear and conspicuous disclaimer, when generative artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence systems, or other artificial intelligence-related capabilities are used:
1.
Legislative Research Commission PDF Version ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1.
Page 11 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN 2.
2.
(b) Each risk management policy designed and implemented shall at a minimum adhere to the latest version of Standard ISO/IEC 42001 of the International Organization for Standardization, or another national or Page 12 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN internationally recognized risk management framework for artificial intelligence systems, and consider the:
(b) Each risk management policy designed and implemented shall at a minimum adhere to the latest version of Standard ISO/IEC 42001 of the International Organization for Standardization, or another national or internationally recognized risk management framework for artificial intelligence systems, and consider the:
(b) To facilitate the report in paragraph (a) of this subsection, the Page 13 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN Commonwealth Office of Technology shall receive from each department, agency, and administrative body a report examining and identifying potential use cases for the deployment of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems, including a description of the benefits and risks to individuals, communities, government, and government employees.
(b) To facilitate the report in paragraph (a) of this subsection, the Commonwealth Office of Technology shall receive from each department, agency, and administrative body a report examining and identifying potential use cases for the deployment of generative artificial intelligence systems and high-risk artificial intelligence systems, including a description of the benefits and risks to individuals, communities, government, and government employees.
(12) The Commonwealth Office of Technology shall promulgate administrative regulations in accordance with KRS Chapter 13A to implement this section and Section 2 of this Act by December 1, 2025.
CHAPTER 66 7 (12) The Commonwealth Office of Technology shall promulgate administrative regulations in accordance with KRS Chapter 13A to implement this section and Section 2 of this Act by December 1, 2025.
(3) "Ballot" or "official ballot" means the official presentation of offices and candidates to be voted for, including write-in candidates, and all public questions submitted for determination, and shall include a voting machine ballot, a paper ballot, an absentee ballot, a federal provisional ballot, a federal provisional absentee ballot, or a supplemental paper ballot which has been authorized for the use of voters in any primary, regular election, or special election by the Secretary of State or the county Page 14 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN clerk;
(3) "Ballot" or "official ballot" means the official presentation of offices and candidates to be voted for, including write-in candidates, and all public questions submitted for determination, and shall include a voting machine ballot, a paper ballot, an absentee ballot, a federal provisional ballot, a federal provisional absentee ballot, or a supplemental paper ballot which has been authorized for the use of voters in any primary, regular election, or special election by the Secretary of State or the county clerk;
(4) "Ballot box" means any box, bag, or other container that can be locked, sealed, or otherwise rendered tamper-resistant, for receiving ballots;
(4) "Ballot box" means any box, bag, or other container that can be locked, sealed, or otherwise rendered tamper- resistant, for receiving ballots;
Page 15 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN 3.
3.
5.
Legislative Research Commission PDF Version ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 5.
A bona fide newscast, news interview, news documentary, or on-the- spot coverage of a bona fide news event broadcast on any radio or television broadcasting station, including a cable or satellite television operator, programmer, or producer, that is not owned or controlled by a candidate, committee, or political party, provided that the entity does not remove or modify any disclaimer provided by the sponsor of the communication;
A bona fide newscast, news interview, news documentary, or on-the-spot coverage of a bona fide news event broadcast on any radio or television broadcasting station, including a cable or satellite television operator, programmer, or producer, that is not owned or controlled by a candidate, committee, or political party, provided that the entity does not remove or modify any disclaimer provided by the sponsor of the communication;
(11)[(10)] "Federal provisional ballot" or "federal provisional absentee ballot" means Page 16 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN ballots which have been authorized by the Secretary of State or the county clerk to be used by federal provisional voters in any federal primary or election;
(11)[(10)] "Federal provisional ballot" or "federal provisional absentee ballot" means ballots which have been authorized by the Secretary of State or the county clerk to be used by federal provisional voters in any federal primary or election;
Page 17 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN 1.
1.
and 2.
and CHAPTER 66 9 2.
A fundamentally different understanding or impression of the appearance, action, or speech than a reasonable person would Page 18 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN have from the unaltered, original version of the audio recording or video recording.
A fundamentally different understanding or impression of the appearance, action, or speech than a reasonable person would have from the unaltered, original version of the audio recording or video recording.
Page 19 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN 2.
2.
1.
Legislative Research Commission PDF Version ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1.
(1) (a) Any candidate for any elected office whose appearance, action, or speech is altered through the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication may seek injunctive or other equitable relief against the Page 20 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN sponsor of the electioneering communication requiring that the communication includes a disclosure that is clear and conspicuous and included in, or alongside and associated with, the content in a manner that is likely to be noticed by the user.
(1) (a) Any candidate for any elected office whose appearance, action, or speech is altered through the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication may seek injunctive or other equitable relief against the sponsor of the electioneering communication requiring that the communication includes a disclosure that is clear and conspicuous and included in, or alongside and associated with, the content in a manner that is likely to be noticed by the user.
315, a medium or its advertising sales representative may be held Page 21 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed UNOFFICIAL COPY 25 RS SB 4/EN liable in a cause of action brought under subsection (1) of this section if:
315, a medium or its advertising sales representative may be held liable in a cause of action brought under subsection (1) of this section if:
(6) (a) A provider or user of an interactive computer service shall not be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.
CHAPTER 66 11 (6) (a) A provider or user of an interactive computer service shall not be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.
Page 22 of 22 SB000420.100 - 384 - XXXX 3/13/2025 3:10 PM Engrossed
Signed by Governor March 24, 2025.
Legislative Research Commission PDF Version
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Action History

  1. signed by Governor (Acts Ch. 66)

  2. delivered to Governor

  3. enrolled, signed by Speaker of the House

  4. enrolled, signed by President of the Senate

  5. passed 33-4 with Committee Substitute (1)

  6. Senate concurred in House Committee Substitute (1)

  7. posted for passage for concurrence in House Committee Substitute (1)

  8. to Rules (S)

  9. received in Senate

  10. 3rd reading, passed 86-10 with Committee Substitute (1)

  11. placed in the Orders of the Day

  12. taken from Rules

  13. reported favorably, to Rules with Committee Substitute (1)

  14. returned to Small Business & Information Technology (H)

  15. 2nd reading

  16. taken from Small Business & Information Technology (H)

  17. to Small Business & Information Technology (H)

  18. returned to Committee on Committees (H)

  19. 1st reading

  20. taken from Committee on Committees (H)

  21. to Committee on Committees (H)

  22. received in House

  23. 3rd reading, passed 30-3

  24. floor amendment (1) filed

  25. posted for passage in the Regular Orders of the Day for Friday, February 28, 2025

  26. 2nd reading, to Rules

  27. reported favorably, 1st reading, to Calendar

  28. to State & Local Government (S)

  29. to Committee on Committees (S)

  30. introduced in Senate

Sponsorship breakdown

Export CSV (upgrade) →

0 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 138 not signed on · 13 voted No

Sponsors (0)

None.

Co-sponsors (0)

None.

Not signed on (138)

138 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 138 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

Pass

Passed 86 Yea · 10 Nay · 4 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Democrat 17102
Republican 63902
Unaffiliated 6000
Total 861004
% of votes cast 86%10%0%4%
How each member voted (100)
Member Party Vote
Stevenson P — Yea
Huff T — Yea
Bratcher S. — Yea
Lewis — Yea
Lewis D — Yea
Lewis S — Yea
Adam Moore Democrat Yea
Adrielle Camuel Democrat Yea
Al Gentry Democrat Yea
Anne Gay Donworth Democrat Yea
Ashley Tackett Laferty Democrat Nay
Beverly Chester-Burton Democrat Yea
Chad Aull Democrat Yea
Daniel Grossberg Democrat Yea
Erika Hancock Democrat Yea
George Brown Jr. Democrat Not Voting
Joshua Watkins Democrat Yea
Lindsey Burke Democrat Yea
Lisa Willner Democrat Yea
Mary Lou Marzian Democrat Not Voting
Matthew Lehman Democrat Yea
Nima Kulkarni Democrat Yea
Rachel Roarx Democrat Yea
Reginald L. Thomas Democrat Yea
Sarah Stalker Democrat Yea
Tina Bojanowski Democrat Yea
Aaron Thompson Republican Yea
Adam Bowling Republican Yea
Amy Neighbors Republican Yea
Bill Wesley Republican Yea
Bobby McCool Republican Yea
Brandon Smith Republican Yea
Candy Massaroni Republican Nay
Chris Freeland Republican Yea
Chris Fugate Republican Yea
DJ Johnson Republican Yea
Daniel Elliott Republican Yea
Daniel Fister Republican Yea
David Hale Republican Yea
David Meade Republican Yea
David W. Osborne Republican Yea
Deanna Gordon Republican Yea
Emily Callaway Republican Yea
Felicia Rabourn Republican Nay
Gex Williams Republican Yea
J.T. Payne Republican Yea
James Tipton Republican Yea
Jared Bauman Republican Yea
Jason Petrie Republican Yea
Jennifer Decker Republican Nay
Jim Gooch Jr. Republican Yea
John Blanton Republican Yea
John Hodgson Republican Yea
Josh Branscum Republican Yea
Josh Bray Republican Yea
Josh Calloway Republican Nay
Ken Fleming Republican Yea
Ken Upchurch Republican Yea
Kevin Jackson Republican Yea
Kim Banta Republican Yea
Kim Holloway Republican Nay
Kim King Republican Yea
Kimberly Poore Moser Republican Yea
Marianne Proctor Republican Nay
Mark Hart Republican Yea
Mary Beth Imes Republican Yea
Matt Lockett Republican Yea
Matthew Koch Republican Yea
Michael J. Nemes Republican Yea
Michael Sarge Pollock Republican Yea
Mike Clines Republican Yea
Mike Wilson Republican Not Voting
Mitch Whitaker Republican Yea
Myron Dossett Republican Yea
Nancy Tate Republican Yea
Patrick Flannery Republican Yea
Peyton Griffee Republican Yea
Randy Bridges Republican Yea
Rebecca Raymer Republican Yea
Richard White Republican Yea
Robert Duvall Republican Yea
Ryan Bivens Republican Yea
Ryan Dotson Republican Not Voting
Samara Heavrin Republican Yea
Savannah Maddox Republican Nay
Scott Sharp Republican Yea
Shane Baker Republican Yea
Shawn McPherson Republican Yea
Stephanie Dietz Republican Yea
Stephen Meredith Republican Yea
Steve Riley Republican Yea
Steven Doan Republican Nay
Steven Rudy Republican Yea
Susan Witten Republican Yea
Suzanne Miles Republican Yea
T.J. Roberts Republican Nay
Timmy Truett Republican Yea
Tony Hampton Republican Yea
Vanessa Grossl Republican Yea
William Lawrence Republican Yea

Official roll call →

PASS SB 4

Passed 30 Yea · 3 Nay · 5 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Republican 26303
Democrat 2002
Unaffiliated 2000
Total 30305
% of votes cast 79%8%0%13%
How each member voted (38)
Member Party Vote
ChambersArmstrong — Yea
Yates — Yea
Gerald A. Neal Democrat Not Voting
Karen Berg Democrat Not Voting
Keturah J. Herron Democrat Yea
Reginald L. Thomas Democrat Yea
Aaron Reed Republican Nay
Amanda Mays Bledsoe Republican Yea
Brandon J. Storm Republican Yea
Brandon Smith Republican Yea
Christian McDaniel Republican Yea
Craig Richardson Republican Yea
Danny Carroll Republican Yea
David P. Givens Republican Yea
Donald Douglas Republican Yea
Gary Boswell Republican Yea
Gex Williams Republican Nay
Greg Elkins Republican Yea
Jared Carpenter Republican Yea
Jason Howell Republican Yea
Jimmy Higdon Republican Yea
Julie Raque Adams Republican Yea
Lindsey Tichenor Republican Yea
Matt Nunn Republican Yea
Matthew Deneen Republican Yea
Max Wise Republican Yea
Michael J. Nemes Republican Yea
Mike Wilson Republican Not Voting
Phillip Wheeler Republican Yea
Rick Girdler Republican Not Voting
Robby Mills Republican Yea
Robert Stivers Republican Not Voting
Robin L. Webb Republican Yea
Scott Madon Republican Yea
Shelley Funke Frommeyer Republican Yea
Stephen Meredith Republican Yea
Stephen West Republican Yea
Steve Rawlings Republican Nay

Official roll call →

Subjects

civil-rights elections technology
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does SB 4 do?
Amend KRS 42.722 to define terms relating to artificial intelligence; amend KRS 42.726 to require the Commonwealth Office of Technology to establish and implement policy standards for the use of artificial intelligence; create a new section of KRS 42.720 to 42.742 to create the Artificial Intelligence Governance Committee; task the committee with the establishment of responsible, ethical, and transparent procedures for the allowable use, development, and approval of artificial intelligence for any department, program, cabinet, agency, and administrative body that uses and accesses the Commonwealth's information technology and technology infrastructure; require public disclosure of any use of artificial intelligence; provide employee education and training; prioritize personal privacy and protection of the data of individuals and businesses; require the Commonwealth Office of Technology to promulgate administrative regulations; amend KRS 117.001 to define "electioneering communication," "information content provider," "interactive computer service," "sponsor," and "synthetic media"; create a new section of KRS Chapter 117 to establish a cause of action for the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication; establish an affirmative defense that the electioneering communication includes a conspicuous disclosure; provide that the sponsor of the electioneering communication may be held liable, but the medium and its advertising sales representative are not liable, except in certain circumstances; EMERGENCY.
What is the current status of SB 4?
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced February 18, 2025. Enacted.
Where can I track SB 4?
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