Delaware 151st General Assembly (2021-2022) Status: Enacted Bipartisan · 15 D · 5 R cosponsors

HB 428 — AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 11 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO OFFENSES RELATING TO CHILDREN.

Last action — Signed by Governor

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. ✓
    Passed House
  4. ✓
    Passed Senate
  5. ✓
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced May 17, 2022. Enacted.

Odds of enactment

High chance

Based on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a high chance of becoming law.

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A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.

Prognosis

Likely to advance 98% · high confidence
  • Enacted

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 29 sponsors

    2 primary, 27 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Bipartisan support

    Sponsored across 2 parties (15 D · 5 R) — cross-party backing.

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 2 recorded votes so far.

Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.

Summary

All too often, persons who produce or transmit images of partially nude children cannot be prosecuted under our current statutes because our current statutes only criminalize images of a child engaging in a sexual act or if the child is nude. This bill seeks to remedy this problem by adding “partial nudity” to the definition of “prohibited sexual act”. By doing so, this bill criminalizes the photographing or filming of a partially nude child as well as the production, publication, transmission, selling, distribution, and dissemination of photographs or images of partially nude children if the child in such image or photograph is scantily clothed, posed provocatively, or otherwise posed with the obvious intent to arose, and such image of photograph is intended for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual who may view such image or photograph. Under this bill, such crime would be a class D felony punishable by up to an 8-year jail sentence.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

98 added · 12 removed

98 line(s) added, 12 removed.

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Latest
Longhurst HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 151st GENERAL ASSEMBLY HOUSE AMENDMENT NO.
Longhurst & Sen.
1 TO HOUSE BILL NO.
Poore Reps.
428 AMEND House Bill No.
Briggs King, Heffernan, K.
428 by adding after line 75 the following:
Johnson, Mitchell, Osienski, Smyk, K.
“§ 1110A.
Williams;
Exclusion for § 1108 and § 1109.
Sens.
Where the underlying prohibited sexual act is partial nudity as defined in § 1100 of this title, a person can only be guilty of sexual exploitation of a child under § 1108 of this title or dealing in child pornography under § 1109 of this title if the person is 18 years of age or older.”.
Bonini, Brown, Ennis, Gay, Hansen, Hocker, Lawson, Lockman, Lopez, Mantzavinos, S.
SYNOPSIS This amendment clarifies that, where the underlying prohibited sexual act is partial nudity, a person can only be found guilty of sexual exploitation of a child or dealing in child pornography if the person is 18 years of age or older.
McBride, Paradee, Pettyjohn, Pinkney, Richardson, Sokola, Sturgeon, Townsend, Walsh, Wilson HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 151st GENERAL ASSEMBLY HOUSE BILL NO.
428 AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 11 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO OFFENSES RELATING TO CHILDREN.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE:
Section 1.
Amend Chapter 5, Title 11 of the Delaware Code by making deletions as shown by strike through and insertions as shown by underline as follows and redesignating accordingly:
§ 1100.
Definitions relating to children.
When used in this subchapter:
(7) “Prohibited sexual act” shall include:
a.
Sexual intercourse;
b.
Anal intercourse;
c.
Masturbation;
d.
Bestiality;
e.
Sadism;
f.
Masochism;
g.
Fellatio;
h.
Cunnilingus;
i.
Nudity, if such nudity is to be depicted for the purpose of the sexual stimulation or the sexual gratification of any individual who may view such depiction;
j.
Partial nudity, if the child in the image depicted is all of the following:
1.
Scantily clothed.
2.
Posed provocatively, or otherwise posed in a fashion obviously intended to arouse even though genitalia is not blatantly displayed.
Show all 88 changed rows (48 more)
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Latest
3.
Is intended for the purpose of the sexual stimulation or the sexual gratification of any individual who may view such depiction.
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k.
Sexual contact;
k.
l.
Lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any child;
l.
m.
Any other act which is intended to be a depiction or simulation of any act described in this paragraph.
§ 1108.
Sexual exploitation of a child;
class D and B felony.
A person is guilty of sexual exploitation of a child when:
(1) The person knowingly, photographs or films a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act, or otherwise knowingly creates a visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
or (2) The person knowingly, finances or produces any motion picture, video or other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
or (3) The person knowingly publishes or makes available for public distribution or sale by any means, including but not limited to computer, any book, magazine, periodical, pamphlet, photograph, Internet site or web page which depicts a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act, or knowingly publishes or makes available for public distribution or sale by any means, including computer, any other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
or (4) The person permits, causes, promotes, facilitates, finances, produces or otherwise advances an exhibition, display or performances of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or the simulation of such an act.
Sexual exploitation of a child is a class B felony unless the prohibited sex act is partial nudity as defined in § 1100 of this title, then it is a class D felony.
§ 1109.
Dealing in child pornography;
class B felony.
A person is guilty of dealing in child pornography when:
(1) The person knowingly ships, transmits, mails or transports by any means, including by computer or any other electronic or digital method, any book, magazine, periodical, pamphlet, video or film depicting a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act, or knowingly ships, transmits, mails or transports by any means, including by computer or any other electronic or digital method, any other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
(2) The person knowingly receives for the purpose of selling or sells any magazine, photograph or film which depicts a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act, or knowingly receives for the purpose of selling or sells any other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
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05/17/2022 11:31 AM (3) The person knowingly distributes or disseminates, by means of computer or any other electronic or digital method, or by shows or viewings, any motion picture, video or other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or the simulation of such an act.
The possession or showing of such motion pictures shall create a rebuttable presumption of ownership thereof for the purposes of distribution or dissemination;
(4) The person, intentionally compiles, enters, accesses, transmits, receives, exchanges, disseminates, stores, makes, prints, reproduces or otherwise possesses any photograph, image, file, data or other visual depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act.
For the purposes of this subsection, conduct occurring outside the State shall be sufficient to constitute this offense if such conduct is within the terms of § 204 of this title, or if such photograph, image, file or data was compiled, entered, accessed, transmitted, received, exchanged, disseminated, stored, made, printed, reproduced or otherwise possessed by, through or with any computer located within Delaware and the person was aware of circumstances which rendered the presence of such computer within Delaware a reasonable possibility;
or (5) The person knowingly advertises, promotes, presents, describes, transmits or distributes any visual depiction, exhibition, display or performance with intent to create or convey the impression that such visual depiction, exhibition, display or performance is or contains a depiction of a child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act.
Unlawfully dealing in child pornography is a class B felony unless the prohibited sex act is partial nudity as defined in § 1100 of this title, then it is a class D felony.
§ 1110.
Subsequent convictions of § 1108 or § 1109 of this title.
Any person convicted of a class B felony under § 1109 of this title who is convicted of a second or subsequent violation of that section shall, upon such second or subsequent conviction, be guilty of a class B felony.
Any person convicted of a class B felony under § 1108 of this title who is convicted of a second or subsequent violation of that section shall, upon such second or subsequent conviction, be sentenced to life imprisonment.
SYNOPSIS All too often, persons who produce or transmit images of partially nude children cannot be prosecuted under our current statutes because our current statutes only criminalize images of a child engaging in a sexual act or if the child is nude.
This bill seeks to remedy this problem by adding “partial nudity” to the definition of “prohibited sexual act”.
By doing so, this bill criminalizes the photographing or filming of a partially nude child as well as the production, publication, transmission, selling, distribution, and dissemination of photographs or images of partially nude children if the child in such image or photograph is scantily clothed, posed provocatively, or otherwise posed with the obvious intent to arose, and such image of photograph is intended for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual who may view such image or photograph.
Under this bill, such crime would be a class D felony punishable by up to an 8-year jail sentence.
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View plain text versions (2)

Action History

  1. Signed by Governor

  2. Passed By Senate. Votes: 21 YES

  3. Reported Out of Committee (Executive) in Senate with 1 Favorable, 5 On Its Merits

  4. Assigned to Executive Committee in Senate

  5. Passed By House. Votes: 41 YES

  6. Amendment HA 1 to HB 428 - Passed In House by Voice Vote

  7. Reported Out of Committee (Public Safety & Homeland Security) in House with 4 Favorable, 4 On Its Merits

  8. Introduced and Assigned to Public Safety & Homeland Security Committee in House

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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2 sponsors · 27 co-sponsors · 33 not signed on

Sponsors (2)

Not signed on (33)

33 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 33 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

SM

Passed 21 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 5000
Democratic 11000
Republican 5000
Total 21000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (21)
Member Party Vote
Bruce C. Ennis — Yea
Colin Bonini — Yea
Ernesto B Lopez — Yea
Kyle Evans Gay — Yea
Sarah McBride — Yea
Bryan Townsend Democratic Yea
Darius J. Brown Democratic Yea
David P. Sokola Democratic Yea
John "Jack" Walsh Democratic Yea
Laura V. Sturgeon Democratic Yea
Marie Pinkney Democratic Yea
Nicole Poore Democratic Yea
S. Elizabeth Lockman Democratic Yea
Spiros Mantzavinos Democratic Yea
Stephanie L. Hansen Democratic Yea
Trey Paradee Democratic Yea
Brian Pettyjohn Republican Yea
Bryant L. Richardson Republican Yea
Dave G. Lawson Republican Yea
David L. Wilson Republican Yea
Gerald W. Hocker Republican Yea

Official roll call →

SM

Passed 41 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 13000
Democratic 16000
Republican 12000
Total 41000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (41)
Member Party Vote
Andria L. Bennett — Yea
Charles "Bud" M. Freel — Yea
David Bentz — Yea
John A. Kowalko — Yea
John L. Mitchell — Yea
Michael Ramone — Yea
Paul S. Baumbach — Yea
Peter C. Schwartzkopf — Yea
Ruth Briggs King — Yea
Sean Matthews — Yea
Sherry Dorsey Walker — Yea
Stephen Smyk — Yea
Valerie Longhurst — Yea
Debra Heffernan Democratic Yea
Edward S. Osienski Democratic Yea
Eric Morrison Democratic Yea
Franklin D. Cooke Democratic Yea
Kendra Johnson Democratic Yea
Kimberly Williams Democratic Yea
Krista Griffith Democratic Yea
Larry Lambert Democratic Yea
Madinah Wilson-Anton Democratic Yea
Melissa Minor-Brown Democratic Yea
Nnamdi O. Chukwuocha Democratic Yea
Sean M. Lynn Democratic Yea
Sherae'a Moore Democratic Yea
Stephanie T. Bolden Democratic Yea
William Bush Democratic Yea
William J. Carson Democratic Yea
Bryan W. Shupe Republican Yea
Charles S Postles Jr. Republican Yea
Daniel B. Short Republican Yea
Jeffrey N. Spiegelman Republican Yea
Jesse R. Vanderwende Republican Yea
Kevin S Hensley Republican Yea
Lyndon D. Yearick Republican Yea
Michael F. Smith Republican Yea
Richard G. Collins Republican Yea
Ronald E. Gray Republican Yea
Shannon Morris Republican Yea
Timothy D. Dukes Republican Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does HB 428 do?
All too often, persons who produce or transmit images of partially nude children cannot be prosecuted under our current statutes because our current statutes only criminalize images of a child engaging in a sexual act or if the child is nude. This bill seeks to remedy this problem by adding “partial nudity” to the definition of “prohibited sexual act”. By doing so, this bill criminalizes the photographing or filming of a partially nude child as well as the production, publication, transmission, selling, distribution, and dissemination of photographs or images of partially nude children if the child in such image or photograph is scantily clothed, posed provocatively, or otherwise posed with the obvious intent to arose, and such image of photograph is intended for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual who may view such image or photograph. Under this bill, such crime would be a class D felony punishable by up to an 8-year jail sentence.
Who sponsors HB 428?
HB 428 is sponsored by Kyle Evans Gay, Nicole Poore (Democratic), Darius J. Brown (Democratic), Stephanie L. Hansen (Democratic), Gerald W. Hocker (Republican), Dave G. Lawson (Republican), S. Elizabeth Lockman (Democratic), Spiros Mantzavinos (Democratic), Trey Paradee (Democratic), Brian Pettyjohn (Republican), Marie Pinkney (Democratic), Bryant L. Richardson (Republican), David P. Sokola (Democratic), Laura V. Sturgeon (Democratic), Bryan Townsend (Democratic), John "Jack" Walsh (Democratic), David L. Wilson (Republican), Debra Heffernan (Democratic), Kendra Johnson (Democratic), Edward S. Osienski (Democratic), Kimberly Williams (Democratic), Stephen Smyk, John L. Mitchell, Ruth Briggs King, Sarah McBride, Ernesto B Lopez, Bruce C. Ennis, Colin Bonini, and Valerie Longhurst.
What is the current status of HB 428?
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced May 17, 2022. Enacted.
Where can I track HB 428?
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