HB 5226 — AN ACT CONCERNING MOBILE MANUFACTURED HOMES AND MOBILE MANUFACTURED HOME PARKS.

(A) Acts or omissions of any employee, officer or agent which constitute criminal conduct, fraud, actual malice or wilful misconduct;

or(B)negligentactsoromissionswhichrequiretheexerciseofjudgment or discretion as an official function of the authority expressly or impliedly granted by law.

[(h)](f)Anymunicipalitythatcreatesafairrentcommissionpursuant to this section shall make any bylaws adopted by such fair rent commission publicly available on the Internet web site of such municipality.

(NEW) (Effective October 1, 2026) (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any regional council of governments formed pursuant to section 4-124j of the general statutes that establishes a regional fair rent commission under subsection (e) of section 7-148b of the general statutes shall, solely for purposes of such commission, be deemed a municipality acting through such commission for purposes of liability in tort.

(b) Any commissioner, officer, employee or authorized agent of a regionalfair rent commissionestablished under subsection(e)of section 7-148b of the general statutes, while acting within the scope of such commissioner's, officer's, employee's or authorized agent's duties, shall, solely for purposes of such commission, be entitled to the same immunities from liability and defenses as are provided to employees, officers and agents of municipalities under section 52-557n of the general statutes and any other applicable provision of the general statutes or common law.

(c) Participation by a municipality in a regional fair rent commission established under subsection (e) of section 7-148b of the general statutes shall not be construed to increase, expand or otherwise modify the liability exposure of such municipality beyond that which would apply ifsuchmunicipality hadcreatedandoperatedafair rent commission for such municipality under section 7-148b of the general statutes.

Sec.

3.

The disclosure statement shall be a plain language summary of the rights and obligations listed in this chapter and shall notsHB5226 add/ toFile orNo. diminish the rights and obligations provided by this chapter.

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741 not add to or diminish the rights and obligations provided by this chapter.

(7) the rights sHB5226of /residents Fileregarding No.eviction under section 21-80, as amended by this act;

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374 of residents regarding eviction under section 21-80, as amended by this act;

A copy of such statement shall be signed by the resident at the time of the rental, acknowledgingsHB5226 receipt/ ofFile aNo. completed, signed copy and such completed, signed copy shall be kept on file by the owner for a period of four years after such resident vacates the park.

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741 acknowledging receipt of a completed, signed copy and such completed, signed copy shall be kept on file by the owner for a period of four years after such resident vacates the park.

3.4.

(a) A mobile manufactured home park resident who owns a mobile manufactured home and is required to remove the home from the park because of a change in use of the land on which said mobile manufactured home is located shall be entitled to receive from the mobile manufactured home park owner (1) relocation expenses to a mobile manufactured home park satisfactory to the resident within one hundred miles of the existing park site up to a maximum of (A) seven thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires before October 1, 2000, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, [or] (B) subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, ten thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expiresonorafterOctober1,2000, butbefore October1,2026,regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, or (C) twenty thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires on or afterOctober1,2026,regardlessofwhethersuchnoticewasgivenbefore or after October 1, 2026, or (2) in the event a satisfactory site is not available onto which the mobile manufactured home may be relocated, the sum of (A) seven thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires before October 1, 2000, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, [or] (B) subject to the provisions of sHB5226 / File No.

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374741 subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires before October 1, 2000, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, [or] (B) subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, ten thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expiresonorafterOctober1,2000, butbefore October1,2026,regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, or (C) twenty thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires on or afterOctober1,2026,regardlessofwhethersuchnoticewasgivenbefore or after October 1, 2026, or (2) in the event a satisfactory site is not available onto which the mobile manufactured home may be relocated, the sum of (A) seven thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires before October 1, 2000, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, [or] (B) subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, ten thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires on or after October 1, 2000, but before October 1, 2026, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after June 23, 1999, or (C) twenty thousand dollars if the notice given pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, expires on or after October 1, 2026, regardless of whether such notice was given before or after October 1, 2026.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, in any case in which a mobile manufactured home park containing two hundred or more units in which a majority of residents have been given written notice, prior to June 23, 1999, pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 21-80 or subparagraph (E) of subdivision (1) of sHB5226subsection /(b) Fileof No.section 21-80, as amended by this act, regardless of whether one or more of such notices or the service of such notices is subsequently deemed invalid or ineffective, the amount of the relocation or compensatory payments required to be paid to such resident under the provisions of this section shall not exceed seven thousand dollars, regardless of whether a subsequent valid notice or notices are properly served subsequent to June 23, 1999, and such subsequent notice or notices expire on or after October 1, 2000, but before October 1, 2026.

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374 subsection (b) of section 21-80, as amended by this act, regardless of whether one or more of such notices or the service of such notices is subsequently deemed invalid or ineffective, the amount of the relocation or compensatory payments required to be paid to such resident under the provisions of this section shall not exceed seven thousand dollars, regardless of whether a subsequent valid notice or notices are properly served subsequent to June 23, 1999, and such subsequent notice or notices expire on or after October 1, 2000, but before October 1, 2026.

4.5.

(a) The department may revoke, suspend, place conditions on or refuse to renew any license to operate a mobile manufactured home park for a violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulations issued hereunder or any other state or local law or regulation, after hearing, except that if the department upon investigation finds a licensee is not providing adequate sewerage facilities, electrical, plumbing or sanitary services, water supply or fire protection, suspensionsHB5226 of/ theFile licenseNo. shall be automatic, provided such licensee shall be entitled to a hearing before the department not later than thirty days after such suspension.

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741 suspension of the license shall be automatic, provided such licensee shall be entitled to a hearing before the department not later than thirty days after such suspension.

In connection with any investigation the Commissioner of sHB5226Consumer /Protection Fileor No.the commissioner's authorized agent may administer oaths, issue subpoenas, compel testimony and order the production of books, records and documents.

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374 Consumer Protection or the commissioner's authorized agent may administer oaths, issue subpoenas, compel testimony and order the production of books, records and documents.

(3)sHB5226 (A)/ InFile orderingNo. an owner of a mobile manufactured home park to obtain an independent inspection report under this subsection, the department may require (i) the person completing such report to have training or be licensed in a particular area related to the ordered inspection, and (ii) that such report specifically address particular areas of, or issues affecting, the park that are of concern to the department.

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741 (3) (A) In ordering an owner of a mobile manufactured home park to obtain an independent inspection report under this subsection, the department may require (i) the person completing such report to have training or be licensed in a particular area related to the ordered inspection, and (ii) that such report specifically address particular areas of, or issues affecting, the park that are of concern to the department.

(C) The mobile manufactured home park owner shall submit proof of compliance with the provisions ofthis subdivision at thetime theowner submits to the department the independent inspection report required sHB5226under /this Filesubsection. No.

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374 under this subsection.

(6) Each independent inspection report required under this subsection shall include (A) an assessment of (i) all conditions outlined in the department's order requiring such report that impact public health and safety for the purpose of assessing the risk that such conditionssHB5226 pose/ toFile publicNo. health and safety, and (ii) the severity of the conditions described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision, and (B) a detailed plan of action to remedy each condition described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision.

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741 conditions pose to public health and safety, and (ii) the severity of the conditions described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision, and (B) a detailed plan of action to remedy each condition described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision.

sHB5226(d) /The Filedepartment No.may issue an order to any owner determined to be in violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulation issued under this section after an inspection of a mobile manufactured home park, providing for the immediate discontinuance of the violation or timely remediation of such violation.

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374 (d) The department may issue an order to any owner determined to be in violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulation issued under this section after an inspection of a mobile manufactured home park, providing for the immediate discontinuance of the violation or timely remediation of such violation.

(e) On and after January 1, 2027, when the department receives a complaint submitted by a resident regarding a suspected violation of any provision of this chapter, any regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter or any other state or local law or regulation concerning mobile manufactured home parks, the department shall promptly provide the resident with an acknowledgment that the department has received such complaint, which acknowledgment shall include, at a minimum, (1) a summary, or a link to an Internet web site displaying a summary, of the rights and responsibilities of residents, and (2) contact informationsHB5226 for/ theFile ConnecticutNo. Manufactured Home Owners Alliance or its successor, if said alliance or such successor exists, including, but not limited to, a link to said alliance's or such successor's Internet web site.

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741 information for the Connecticut Manufactured Home Owners Alliance or its successor, if said alliance or such successor exists, including, but not limited to, a link to said alliance's or such successor's Internet web site.

5.6.

sHB5226(B) /Material Filenoncompliance No.by the resident with any statute or regulation materially affecting the health and safety of other residents or materially affecting the physical condition of the park;

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374 (B) Material noncompliance by the resident with any statute or regulation materially affecting the health and safety of other residents or materially affecting the physical condition of the park;

or (E) A change in the use of the land on which such mobile manufactured home is located, provided all of the affected residents receive written notice (i) at least three hundred sixty-five days before the time specified in the notice for the resident to quit possession of the mobile manufactured home or occupancy of the lot if such notice is given before June 23, 1999, or (ii) at least five hundred forty-five days before the time specified in the notice for the resident to quit possession of the mobile manufactured home or occupancy of the lot if such notice issHB5226 given/ onFile orNo. after June 23, 1999, regardless of whether any other notice under this section or section 21-70, as amended by this act, has been given before June 23, 1999;

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741 is given on or after June 23, 1999, regardless of whether any other notice under this section or section 21-70, as amended by this act, has been given before June 23, 1999;

If such breach can be remedied by repair by the resident or payment of damages by the resident to the owner and sHB5226such /breach Fileis No.not so remedied within twenty-one days, the rental agreement shall terminate except that (A) if the breach is remediable by repairs or the payment of damages and the resident adequately remedies the breach within said twenty-one-day period, the rental agreement shall not terminate, or (B) if substantially the same act or omission for which notice was given recurs within six months, the owner may terminate the rental agreement in accordance with the provisions of sections 47a-23 to 47a-23b, inclusive.

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374 such breach is not so remedied within twenty-one days, the rental agreement shall terminate except that (A) if the breach is remediable by repairs or the payment of damages and the resident adequately remedies the breach within said twenty-one-day period, the rental agreement shall not terminate, or (B) if substantially the same act or omission for which notice was given recurs within six months, the owner may terminate the rental agreement in accordance with the provisions of sections 47a-23 to 47a-23b, inclusive.

If the owner elects to evict based upon an allegation, pursuant to subdivision (8) of subsection (b) of section 21-82, that the resident failed to require other persons on the premisessHB5226 with/ theFile resident'sNo. consent to conduct themselves in a manner that will not constitute a serious nuisance, and the resident claims to have had no knowledge of such conduct, then, if the owner establishes that thepremises have been used for the illegal sale of drugs, theburden shall be on the resident to show that the resident had no knowledge of the creation of the serious nuisance.

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741 premises with the resident's consent to conduct themselves in a manner that will not constitute a serious nuisance, and the resident claims to have had no knowledge of such conduct, then, if the owner establishes that thepremises have been used for the illegal sale of drugs, theburden shall be on the resident to show that the resident had no knowledge of the creation of the serious nuisance.

(B)By theowner giving theresident at least sixty days' writtennotice, which shall state the reason or reasons for such termination, except that, when termination is based upon subparagraph (A) of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the owner need give the resident only thirty days' written notice, which notice shall state the total arrearage due, provided sHB5226[,] /the Fileowner No.shall not maintain or proceed with a summary process action against a resident who tenders the total arrearage due to the ownerwithinsuchthirtydaysandwhohasnotsotenderedanarrearage under this subparagraph during the preceding twelve months.

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374 [,] the owner shall not maintain or proceed with a summary process action against a resident who tenders the total arrearage due to the ownerwithinsuchthirtydaysandwhohasnotsotenderedanarrearage under this subparagraph during the preceding twelve months.

October 1, 2026 Section 1 7-148b Sec.

2 October 1, 2026 21-70(a) Sec.

3 October 1, 2026 21-70a(a) and (b) Sec.

4 October 1, 2026 21-71 Sec.

5 October 1, 2026 21-80(b) Statement of Legislative Commissioners:

In Section 1(e)(2), "such municipality" was changed to "member municipality in which a mobile manufactured home park is located" for clarity;

in Section 4(e), "Beginning on" was changed to "On and after" for consistency with standard drafting conventions;

and in Section 4(e)(2), "such organization or successor" was changed to "said alliance or such successor" and "such organization's or successor's" was changed to "said alliance's or such successor's" for internal consistency.

GL Joint Favorable Subst.

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374741 TheSection following1 Fiscalfrom Impactpassage StatementNew andsection BillSec. Analysis are prepared for the benefit of the members of the General Assembly, solely for purposes of information, summarization and explanation and do not represent the intent of the General Assembly or either chamber thereof for any purpose.

2 October 1, 2026 New section Sec.

3 October 1, 2026 21-70(a) Sec.

4 October 1, 2026 21-70a(a) and (b) Sec.

5 October 1, 2026 21-71 Sec.

6 October 1, 2026 21-80(b) sHB5226 / File No.

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741 The following Fiscal Impact Statement and Bill Analysis are prepared for the benefit of the members of the General Assembly, solely for purposes of information, summarization and explanation and do not represent the intent of the General Assembly or either chamber thereof for any purpose.

Municipalities Effect FY 27 $ FY 28 $ Various Municipalities Potential Minimal Minimal Cost Explanation The bill requires a regional council of governments (COG) to establisha regionalfairrentcommissionifamobilemanufacturedhome park is located in any of its region's municipalities.

This may result in a cost to municipalities beginning in FY 27 to the extent that this requirement resultsresultsinaCOGincreasingannualduestosupportincreasedoperations in a COG increasing annual dues to support increased operations expenses.

House "A" requires members of fair rent commissions to take a training on mobile manufactured homes under certain circumstances and is not anticipated to result in a fiscal impact.

In addition, the amendment makes other technical, clarifying, and conforming changes that do not result in a fiscal impact.

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374741 OLR Bill Analysis sHB 5226 (as amended by House "A")* AN ACT CONCERNING MOBILE MANUFACTURED HOMES AND MOBILE MANUFACTURED HOME PARKS.

SUMMARY TheThis bill makesprovides aliability numberprotections for regional councils of changesgovernments related(COGs) tothat mobileestablish manufacturedregional homesfair andrent parks.commissions (FRCs).

It:It also makes changes related to mobile manufactured homes and parks laws by:

requiresbeginning (a)January a1, regional2027, councilrequiring members of governmentsan (COG)FRC tothat establishhas a regionalmobile fairmanufactured renthome commissionpark (FRC)within ifits ajurisdiction take annual training, on laws on mobile manufactured homehomes, parkparks, residents, and owners if the training is locatedavailable infor anyfree offrom itsa region’s(a) municipalities,equal andhousing (b)nonprofit eachmunicipalitywithamobilemanufacturedhomeparkwithinin the COG’sstate regionand to(b) joinstatewide themembership regionalnetwork of municipalities with an FRC (§ 1);

requiresrequiring that the Department of Consumer Protection’s (DCP) regulations on the disclosure statement that mobile manufactured home park owners must give to prospective and certain renewing residents also require disclosure of periodic, usage, and penalty fees (§ 2);3);

increases,increasing, from $10,000 to $20,000, the maximum amount of relocation expenses an owner must pay a resident who owns a mobile manufactured home that must be removed from the park due to a change in the park’s land use (this increase applies when the owner gives the resident a notice of summary process that expires on or after October 1, 2026, regardless of when it was given) (§ 3);4);

beginning January 1, 2027, requiresrequiring DCP to promptly acknowledge receipt of a complaint from a resident about a suspectedviolationofstateorlocallawsorregulationsgoverning mobile manufactured homes, and give the resident (a) a sHB5226 / File No.

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374741 suspectedviolationofstateorlocallawsorregulationsgoverning mobile manufactured homes, and give the resident (a) a summary of or website link to information about their rights and responsibilities and (b) contact information, including a website link, for the Connecticut Manufactured Home Owners Alliance or a successor entity (§ 4);5);

extends,extending, from 30 to 60 days, the time before the start of a new rental agreement that an owner must give written notice of a rent increase to a resident who owns a mobile manufactured home (§ 5).6).

*House Amendment “A” (1) removes provisions requiring a COG to establish a regional FRC if a mobile manufactured home park is located in its region and (2) adds the provisions on FRC training and liability.

October 1, 20262026, REGIONALexcept FAIRthe RENTtraining COMMISSIONSrequirement Byis law,effective municipalitiesupon withpassage. populations of at least 15,000 must, and those with smaller population may, (1) have an FRC, (2) join with one or more contiguous municipalities in a joint FRC, or (3) join a regional FRC created by their COG (see BACKGROUND).

TheLIABILITY billPROTECTIONS requiresRELATED (1)TO A REGIONAL FRC Under the bill, a (1) COG tothat establishestablishes a regional FRC ifis atreated mobileas manufactureda homemunicipality parkacting isthrough locatedthe inFRC anyfor purposes of itstort region’sliability, municipalitiesnotwithstanding any other laws, and (2) eachmunicipality memberthat municipalityparticipates within a mobileregional manufacturedFRC homehas park to join the regionalsame FRCliability byas adoptingif anit ordinancehad throughestablished its legislativeown body.FRC.

TheseThe municipalitiesbill mustgives doregional soFRC bycommissioners, Januaryofficers, 1,employees, 2028,and asagents isacting within the casescope underof existingtheir lawduties forthe municipalitiessame thatliability mustprotections haveas orexisting joinlaw angives FRCmunicipal basedemployees, onofficers, theirand populationagents(seeBACKGROUNDforexistingmunicipalliabilityprotections). (see above).

ExistingUnder lawexisting prohibitslaw, municipalitiesa thatregional areFRC requiredis toalready havegenerally not liable for personal or joinproperty damage caused by the (1) acts or omissions of an FRCemployee, andofficer, didor soagent beforethat Januaryare 1,criminal, 2026,fraudulent, fromwillful abolishingmisconduct, theiror commissiondone beforewith Januaryactual 1,malice 2028,or unless(2) thenegligent municipalityacts joinsor aomissions jointthat require judgment or regionaldiscretion FRC.as an official function of authority granted by law (CGS § 7-148b(g)).

UndersHB5226 the/ bill,File thisNo. also applies to municipalities that must join a regional FRC due to having a mobile manufactured home park.

A741 COG15 establishing a regional FRC under the bill must (1) train the regionalFRC’smembersonissuesandlawsabout mobilemanufactured sHB5226 / File No.

374741 17BACKGROUND sHB5226Fair FileRent No.Commissions By law, municipalities with populations of at least 15,000 must, and those with smaller population may, (1) have an FRC, (2) join with one or more contiguous municipalities in a joint FRC, or (3) join a regional FRC created by their COG.

374By homeslaw, andFRCs parksare andgenerally (2)empowered includeto as(1) FRCcontrol membersand oneeliminate personexcessive representing(harsh theand Connecticutunconscionable) Manufacturedrental Homecharges Ownersand Alliance(2) orenforce alandlord-tenant successorstatutes entityprohibiting andlandlord oneretaliation personand representingestablishing theeviction Connecticutprotections Manufacturedfor Housingcertain Associationprotected ortenants. a successor entity.

Additionally, the bill requires these COGs to allow residents of a mobile manufactured home park, based on their majority vote, to have their park (and its residents) subject to the jurisdiction of the municipality’s FRC (if it has created one) instead of the regional FRC.

The bill does not require a municipality to make any changes to its role in an existing FRC.

Under the bill and existing law, regional FRCs have the same powers and duties as municipal or joint FRCs.

If a municipality is required to join a regional FRC under the bill and it already has a municipal FRC or is part of a joint FRC, it is not clear how these two FRCs would relate to each other and, for example, whether they could both hear the same claims.

BACKGROUND Fair Rent Commissions By law, FRCs are generally empowered to (1) control and eliminate excessive (harsh and unconscionable) rental charges and (2) enforce landlord-tenant statutes prohibiting landlord retaliation and establishing eviction protections for certain protected tenants.

sHB5226Existing /Municipal FileLiability No.Protections By law, a political subdivision (such as a municipality) is generally liable for personal or property damage due to:

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374its Relatednegligent Billsacts sSBor 332omissions (Fileor 207),those reportedof favorablyits byemployees, theofficers, Housingand Committee,agents requiresacting fairwithin rent commissions to notify parties to a hearing of their rights and the scope of thetheir commission’sduties; lawful authority.

sHB2. 5092 (File 180), reported favorably by the Housing Committee, modifies the factors that fair rent commissions must consider when determining whether a rent increase is excessive in situations where the property was recently transferred to a new owner.

negligence in functions that it derives a special corporate profit or pecuniary benefit;

or 3.

nuisances.

By law, a political subdivision (such as a municipality) is generally sHB5226 / File No.

741 sHB5226 File No.

741 not liable for defective roads or bridges;

conduct by employees, officers, and agents that are crimes, fraud, actual malice, or willful misconduct;

and negligent acts or omissions that require judgment or discretion as an official function.

These provisions do not apply to negligent operation of a municipal motor vehicle (CGS § 52-557n(a)).

By law, a political subdivision and any employee, officer, or agent acting within the scope of duty is not liable for damages from:

1.

the condition of natural land or unimproved property;

2.

the condition of a reservoir, dam, canal, conduit, drain or similar structure used by a person in a manner not reasonably foreseeable;

3.

the temporary condition of a road or bridge due to weather when the political subdivision does not know about the condition and has not had a reasonable opportunity to make it safe;

4.

the condition of an unpaved road, trail, or footpath used for a recreational or scenic area, when the political subdivision does not know about the condition and has not had a reasonable opportunity to make it safe;

5.

bringing a judicial or administrative proceeding unless done without probable cause or with a malicious intent to vex;

6.

the act or omission of someone other than an employee, officer, or agent;

7.

actionsona permit,license, certificate, approval,order, or similar authorization that are discretionary, unless done with reckless disregard for health or safety;

8.

failing to inspect or make a proper inspection of property (other than property owned or leased by or leased to the political subdivision) to determine the property’s legal compliance or health or safety hazards, unless the political subdivision had sHB5226 / File No.

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741 notice of an issue or failure to have a proper inspection was a reckless disregard for health or safety;

9.

failing to detect or prevent environmental pollution;

or 10.

conditions on land sold or transferred to the political subdivision by the state that existed at the time of sale or transfer (CGS § 52- 557n(b)).

Unpaid members of a municipal commission are generally not personallyliablefordamagesfromanact,error,oromissionmadewhen exercising their policy or decision-making responsibilities if they acted in good faith and within their duties and not in violation of the law or applicable ethics (CGS § 52-557n(c)).

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