SB 2186 — Relating to interference with court-ordered parenting time; to create a child custody review task force; to provide for a legislative management report; and to provide a penalty.
Last action — Filed with Secretary Of State 04/23
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✓Introduced
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✓In Committee
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✓Passed Senate
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✓Passed House
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✓To Executive
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6Enacted
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2025. Enacted.
Signed by Governor Kelly Armstrong (Republican) on April 23, 2025.
Odds of enactment
High chanceBased on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a high chance of becoming law.
Upgrade to see the exact probability and what's driving it.
A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.
Prognosis
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Enacted
Current position in the legislative process.
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4 sponsors
1 primary, 3 co-sponsors signed on.
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Single-party support
Sponsorship is currently within one party (2 R).
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Cleared a recorded vote
Passed 3 recorded votes so far.
Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.
Summary
AN ACT to create and enact a new section to chapter 14-09 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to interference with court-ordered parenting time; to create a child custody review task force; to provide for a legislative management report; and to provide a penalty.
Bill Text
What changed in the latest version
95 added · 43 removedPlain-language change summary
The recent amendments to SB 2186 introduce a new provision aimed at enhancing enforcement of court-ordered parenting time in North Dakota. If one parent intentionally interferes with another's court-ordered parenting time, the court can now grant the affected parent extra parenting time to compensate for what was lost, potentially doubling the lost time. This change is significant as it seeks to ensure that parents' rights to spend time with their children are respected and reinforced, promoting a more equitable enforcement of custody agreements. Additionally, a child custody review task force is being created to further evaluate and improve the handling of such cases.
25.0805.03000 Sixty-ninth Legislative Assembly of North Dakota FIRSTIn ENGROSSMENTRegular ENGROSSEDSession Commencing Tuesday, January 7, 2025 SENATE BILL NO.
2186 Introduced(Senators by Senators Clemens, LuickLuick) Representatives(Representatives Koppelman, MarschallMarschall) AAN BILLACT for an Act to amendcreate and reenactenact a new section 12.1-18-05to chapter 14-09 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to theinterference removalwith orcourt-ordered withholdingparenting oftime; a child in violation of a custody decree and false information or reports to law enforcement or the department of health and human services;
to create a child custody review task force;
to provide for a legislative management report;
AMENDMENT.A new section to chapter 14-09 of the North Dakota Century Code is created and enacted as follows:
SectionParenting 12.1-18-05time of- theInterference North- DakotaPenalty. Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
12.1-18-05.1.
RemovalUnless ofa childparty fromshows stateby inclear violationand ofconvincing custodyevidence decreethat -additional Falseparenting informationtime orshould reportsnot -be Penalty.ordered, if the court finds one parent intentionally interfered with the other parent's court-ordered parenting time, the court shall order additional parenting time to the parent who lost parenting time due to the interference to indemnify that parent for any lost court-ordered parenting time.
Any person 1.
An individual who intentionally removes, causes the removal of, or detains the person'sindividual's own child under the age of eighteen years outside this state with the intent to deny another person'sindividual's rights in violation of an existinga custody decree is guilty of a class C felony.
Detaining the child outside this state in violation of the custody decree for more than seventy-two hours is prima facie evidence that the personindividual charged intended to violate the custody decree at the time of removal.
AnThe individualadditional whoparenting intentionallytime: removes, causes the removal of, or detains the individual's own child under the age of eighteen years within this state with the intent to deny another individual's rights in violation of a custody decree is guilty of an infraction for a first and second offense, a class B misdemeanor for a third offense, and a class A misdemeanor for a fourth offense.
Detaininga. the child within this state in Page No.
1Must 25.0805.03000at Sixty-ninthleast Legislativebe Assembly violation of the custodysame decreetype forand moreduration thanof seventy-twoparenting hourstime islost primadue facieto evidencethe thatinterference theand individualmay chargedbe intendedup to violatedouble the custodyperiod decreeof attime thelost, timeas ofdetermined removal.by the court.
b.
May include weekend, holiday, and summer parenting time.
c.
Must occur within two years of the date the court finds the parent intentionally interfered with the other parent's court-ordered parenting time.
An individual who gives false information or a false report alleging harm to a child by one parent against the other to a law enforcement officer or the department of health and human services which that individual knows to be false, is guilty of an infraction for a first and second offense, a class B misdemeanor for a third offense, and a class A misdemeanorcourt forshall: a fourth offense.
Pagea. No.
2Give 25.0805.03000deference to the proposed additional parenting time schedule of the parent entitled to additional parenting time under subsection 1 when determining the schedule of the additional parenting time subject to subsection 2.
b.
Consider ordering the parents to use a co-parenting application to assist with scheduling and communication.
4.
The court may sanction a parent who fails to comply with this section as a contempt of court.
SECTION 2.
CHILD CUSTODY REVIEW TASK FORCE - REPORT TO THE LEGISLATIVE MANAGEMENT.
1.
During the 2025-26 interim, the legislative management shall create a child custody review task force.
The task force consists of:
a.
One member of the supreme court self-help program, appointed by the supreme court;
b.
One member representing the district courts, appointed by the supreme court;
c.
One member appointed by the state bar association;
S.
B.
NO.
2186 - PAGE 2 d.
Show all 90 changed lines (50 more)
Two members of the house or senate judiciary committees, appointed by the chairman of the legislative management;
e.
One member of the senate, appointed by the senate majority leader;
f.
One member of the house, appointed by the house majority leader;
g.
Two members representing parents subject to a child custody order;
h.
One member representing law enforcement;
i.
One member representing family mediators;
and j.
The director of legal services of North Dakota.
2.
The presiding officer of the task force must be a member of the legislative assembly appointed by the chairman of the legislative management.
3.
The task force shall meet at the call of the presiding officer.
The presiding officer of the task force may invite guests to participate in task force activities.
4.
The task force shall:
a.
Meet at least once each calendar quarter or more frequently at the call of the presiding officer;
b.
Address issues involving the withholding of a child in violation of a custody decree and issues relating to a parent or party who provides false information against another parent or party in connection to a child custody order;
c.
Consider ways to expeditiously and effectively enforce violations of custody orders, particularly the withholding of a child;
d.
Consider the development of self-help or artificial intelligence assisted forms and processes, expedited access to ex parte contempt of court orders, and other civil and criminal penalties, including possible additional compensatory time, and successful remedies used in other states;
and e.
Before June 30, 2026, submit a report of its findings and recommendations, and any proposed legislation necessary to implement the recommendations, to the legislative management.
5.
A member of the task force who is not a state employee is entitled to reimbursement for mileage and expenses as provided by law for state officers and employees, to be paid by the legislative council.
A state employee who is a member of the task force is entitled to receive that employee's regular salary and is entitled to reimbursement for mileage and expenses to be paid by the employing agency.
A member of the task force who is a member of the legislative assembly is entitled to receive per diem compensation at the rate provided under section 54-35-10 for each day performing official duties of the task force.
The legislative council shall pay the per diem compensation and reimbursement for travel and expenses as provided by law for any member of the task force who is a member of the legislative assembly.
6.
The legislative council shall provide staffing and administrative services for the task force through July 30, 2026.
S.
B.
NO.
2186 - PAGE 3 ____________________________ ____________________________ President of the Senate Speaker of the House ____________________________ ____________________________ Secretary of the Senate Chief Clerk of the House This certifies that the within bill originated in the Senate of the Sixty-ninth Legislative Assembly of North Dakota and is known on the records of that body as Senate Bill No.
2186.
Senate Vote:
Yeas 27 Nays 20 Absent 0 House Vote:
Yeas 84 Nays 9 Absent 1 ____________________________ Secretary of the Senate Received by the Governor at ________M.
on _____________________________________, 2025.
Approved at ________M.
on __________________________________________________, 2025.
____________________________ Governor Filed in this office this ___________day of _______________________________________, 2025, at ________ o’clock ________M.
____________________________ Secretary of State
Show all 90 changed rows (50 more)
View plain text versions (6)
- Enrolled Enrollment Current pdf
- Engrossed FIRST ENGROSSMENT pdf
- Prepared by the Legislative Council staff for Representative Vetter View text pdf
- Prepared by the Legislative Council staff for Senator Luick View text pdf
- Amended FIRST ENGROSSMENT with House Amendments pdf
- Introduced View text pdf
Action History
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Filed with Secretary Of State 04/23
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Signed by Governor 04/22
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Sent to Governor
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Signed by President
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Signed by Speaker
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Second reading, passed, yeas 27 nays 20
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Concurred
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Returned to Senate (12)
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Second reading, passed as amended, yeas 84 nays 9
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Amendment adopted, placed on calendar
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Reported back amended, do pass, amendment placed on calendar 12 1 1
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Committee Hearing 04:00
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Committee Hearing 10:30
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Introduced, first reading, referred Judiciary Committee
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Received from Senate
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Second reading, passed, yeas 26 nays 19
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Amendment adopted, placed on calendar
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Reported back amended, do pass, amendment placed on calendar 4 3 0
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Committee Hearing 10:00
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Introduced, first reading, referred Judiciary Committee
Sponsors
- David A. Clemens · Primary
- Larry Luick · Cosponsor
- Ben Rep. Koppelman · Cosponsor
- Andrew Rep. Marschall · Cosponsor
Sponsorship breakdown
Export CSV (upgrade) →1 sponsors · 3 co-sponsors · 144 not signed on · 33 voted No
Sponsors (1)
- Clemens, David A. Republican
Co-sponsors (3)
- Luick, Larry Republican
- Rep. Koppelman, Ben
- Rep. Marschall, Andrew
Not signed on (144)
144 members have not signed on to this bill.
Show all 144 →"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.
Votes
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 26 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Unaffiliated | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Democratic | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 27 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| % of votes cast | 57% | 43% | 0% | 0% |
How each member voted (47)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| van Oosting | — | Yea |
| Boschee, Josh | Democratic | Nay |
| Braunberger, Ryan | Democratic | Nay |
| Hogan, Kathy | Democratic | Nay |
| Marcellais, Richard | Democratic | Nay |
| Mathern, Tim | Democratic | Nay |
| Axtman, Michelle | Republican | Nay |
| Barta, Jeff | Republican | Nay |
| Beard, Todd | Republican | Nay |
| Bekkedahl, Brad | Republican | Yea |
| Boehm, Keith | Republican | Yea |
| Burckhard, Randy A. | Republican | Nay |
| Castaneda, Jose L. | Republican | Yea |
| Cleary, Sean | Republican | Yea |
| Clemens, David A. | Republican | Yea |
| Conley, Cole | Republican | Nay |
| Cory, Claire | Republican | Nay |
| Davison, Kyle | Republican | Yea |
| Dever, Dick | Republican | Nay |
| Dwyer, Michael | Republican | Nay |
| Enget, Mark | Republican | Yea |
| Erbele, Robert | Republican | Yea |
| Gerhardt, Justin | Republican | Yea |
| Hogue, David | Republican | Nay |
| Kessel, Greg | Republican | Yea |
| Klein, Jerry | Republican | Nay |
| Larson, Diane | Republican | Nay |
| Lee, Judy | Republican | Yea |
| Lemm, Randy D. | Republican | Yea |
| Luick, Larry | Republican | Yea |
| Magrum, Jeffery J. | Republican | Yea |
| Meyer, Scott | Republican | Yea |
| Myrdal, Janne | Republican | Nay |
| Patten, Dale | Republican | Yea |
| Paulson, Bob | Republican | Yea |
| Powers, Michelle | Republican | Yea |
| Roers, Kristin | Republican | Nay |
| Rummel, Dean | Republican | Yea |
| Schaible, Donald | Republican | Yea |
| Sickler, Jonathan | Republican | Yea |
| Sorvaag, Ronald | Republican | Yea |
| Thomas, Paul J. | Republican | Nay |
| Walen, Chuck | Republican | Yea |
| Wanzek, Terry M. | Republican | Nay |
| Weber, Mark F. | Republican | Yea |
| Weston, Kent | Republican | Yea |
| Wobbema, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 74 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
| Democratic | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Unaffiliated | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 84 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| % of votes cast | 89% | 10% | 0% | 1% |
How each member voted (94)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| Olson | — | Yea |
| Brown, Collette | Democratic | Yea |
| Conmy, Liz | Democratic | Yea |
| Davis, Jayme | Democratic | Nay |
| Dobervich, Gretchen | Democratic | Yea |
| Finley-DeVille, Lisa | Democratic | Yea |
| Foss, Austin | Democratic | Yea |
| Hager, LaurieBeth | Democratic | Yea |
| Hanson, Karla Rose | Democratic | Yea |
| Ista, Zachary | Democratic | Nay |
| Mitskog, Alisa | Democratic | Yea |
| Schneider, Mary | Democratic | Yea |
| Anderson, Bert | Republican | Yea |
| Anderson, Dick | Republican | Yea |
| Anderson, Karen A. | Republican | Yea |
| Bahl, Landon | Republican | Yea |
| Beltz, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Berg, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Bolinske, Macy | Republican | Yea |
| Bosch, Glenn | Republican | Yea |
| Brandenburg, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Brown, TJ | Republican | Yea |
| Christianson, Nels | Republican | Yea |
| Dockter, Jason | Republican | Yea |
| Dressler, Ty | Republican | Yea |
| Fegley, Clayton | Republican | Yea |
| Fisher, Jay | Republican | Yea |
| Frelich, Kathy | Republican | Yea |
| Grindberg, Karen | Republican | Nay |
| Grueneich, Jim | Republican | Yea |
| Hagert, Jared C. | Republican | Yea |
| Hatlestad, Patrick R. | Republican | Yea |
| Hauck, Dori | Republican | Yea |
| Headland, Craig | Republican | Yea |
| Heilman, Matthew | Republican | Yea |
| Heinert, Pat D. | Republican | Nay |
| Henderson, Donna | Republican | Yea |
| Hendrix, Jared | Republican | Yea |
| Holle, Dawson | Republican | Yea |
| Hoverson, Jeff | Republican | Yea |
| Johnson, Jorin | Republican | Yea |
| Johnston, Daniel | Republican | Yea |
| Jonas, Jim | Republican | Yea |
| Karls, Karen | Republican | Yea |
| Kasper, Jim | Republican | Yea |
| Kempenich, Keith | Republican | Yea |
| Kiefert, Dwight | Republican | Yea |
| Klemin, Lawrence R. | Republican | Yea |
| Koppelman, Ben | Republican | Yea |
| Lefor, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Longmuir, Donald W. | Republican | Yea |
| Louser, Scott | Republican | Yea |
| Maki, Roger A. | Republican | Yea |
| Marschall, Andrew | Republican | Yea |
| Martinson, Bob | Republican | Yea |
| McLeod, Carrie | Republican | Nay |
| Meier, Lisa | Republican | Yea |
| Monson, David | Republican | Yea |
| Morton, Desiree | Republican | Yea |
| Motschenbacher, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Murphy, Eric J. | Republican | Yea |
| Nathe, Mike | Republican | Nay |
| Nehring, Dennis | Republican | Yea |
| Nelson, Jon O. | Republican | Yea |
| Novak, Anna S. | Republican | Yea |
| O'Brien, Emily | Republican | Yea |
| Olson, Jeremy | Republican | Yea |
| Osowski, Doug | Republican | Yea |
| Ostlie, Mitch | Republican | Yea |
| Porter, Todd | Republican | Yea |
| Pyle, Brandy L. | Republican | Yea |
| Richter, David | Republican | Nay |
| Rios, Nico | Republican | Yea |
| Rohr, Karen M. | Republican | Yea |
| Ruby, Dan | Republican | Yea |
| Ruby, Matthew | Republican | Yea |
| Sanford, Mark | Republican | Yea |
| Satrom, Bernie | Republican | Yea |
| Schatz, Mike | Republican | Yea |
| Schauer, Austen | Republican | Yea |
| Schreiber-Beck, Cynthia | Republican | Yea |
| Steiner, Vicky | Republican | Yea |
| Stemen, Gregory | Republican | Yea |
| Swiontek, Steve | Republican | Yea |
| Toman, Nathan | Republican | Yea |
| Tveit, Bill | Republican | Yea |
| VanWinkle, Lori | Republican | Not Voting |
| Vetter, Steve | Republican | Yea |
| Vigesaa, Don | Republican | Yea |
| Vollmer, Daniel R. | Republican | Nay |
| Wagner, Scott | Republican | Yea |
| Warrey, Jonathan | Republican | Yea |
| Weisz, Robin | Republican | Nay |
| Wolff, Christina | Republican | Yea |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 25 | 14 | 0 | 2 |
| Unaffiliated | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Democratic | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 26 | 19 | 0 | 2 |
| % of votes cast | 55% | 40% | 0% | 4% |
How each member voted (47)
| Member | Party | Vote |
|---|---|---|
| van Oosting | — | Yea |
| Boschee, Josh | Democratic | Nay |
| Braunberger, Ryan | Democratic | Nay |
| Hogan, Kathy | Democratic | Nay |
| Marcellais, Richard | Democratic | Nay |
| Mathern, Tim | Democratic | Nay |
| Axtman, Michelle | Republican | Not Voting |
| Barta, Jeff | Republican | Nay |
| Beard, Todd | Republican | Yea |
| Bekkedahl, Brad | Republican | Yea |
| Boehm, Keith | Republican | Yea |
| Burckhard, Randy A. | Republican | Yea |
| Castaneda, Jose L. | Republican | Yea |
| Cleary, Sean | Republican | Yea |
| Clemens, David A. | Republican | Yea |
| Conley, Cole | Republican | Yea |
| Cory, Claire | Republican | Nay |
| Davison, Kyle | Republican | Yea |
| Dever, Dick | Republican | Nay |
| Dwyer, Michael | Republican | Nay |
| Enget, Mark | Republican | Yea |
| Erbele, Robert | Republican | Yea |
| Gerhardt, Justin | Republican | Yea |
| Hogue, David | Republican | Nay |
| Kessel, Greg | Republican | Yea |
| Klein, Jerry | Republican | Nay |
| Larson, Diane | Republican | Nay |
| Lee, Judy | Republican | Nay |
| Lemm, Randy D. | Republican | Yea |
| Luick, Larry | Republican | Yea |
| Magrum, Jeffery J. | Republican | Yea |
| Meyer, Scott | Republican | Not Voting |
| Myrdal, Janne | Republican | Nay |
| Patten, Dale | Republican | Yea |
| Paulson, Bob | Republican | Yea |
| Powers, Michelle | Republican | Yea |
| Roers, Kristin | Republican | Nay |
| Rummel, Dean | Republican | Nay |
| Schaible, Donald | Republican | Yea |
| Sickler, Jonathan | Republican | Nay |
| Sorvaag, Ronald | Republican | Yea |
| Thomas, Paul J. | Republican | Nay |
| Walen, Chuck | Republican | Yea |
| Wanzek, Terry M. | Republican | Yea |
| Weber, Mark F. | Republican | Nay |
| Weston, Kent | Republican | Yea |
| Wobbema, Mike | Republican | Yea |
Subjects
Frequently asked questions
- What does SB 2186 do?
- AN ACT to create and enact a new section to chapter 14-09 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to interference with court-ordered parenting time; to create a child custody review task force; to provide for a legislative management report; and to provide a penalty.
- Who sponsors SB 2186?
- SB 2186 is sponsored by Clemens, David A. (Republican), Luick, Larry (Republican), Rep. Koppelman, Ben, and Rep. Marschall, Andrew.
- What is the current status of SB 2186?
- This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2025. Enacted.
- Where can I track SB 2186?
- Track SB 2186 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.
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