Virginia 2026 Session Status: Enacted

HB648 — Nitrous oxide; sale, distribution, etc., prohibited, penalties.

Last action — Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0191)

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. ✓
    Passed House of Delegates
  4. ✓
    Passed Senate
  5. ✓
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2026. Enacted.

Signed by Governor Glenn Youngkin (Republican) on March 12, 2026.

Prognosis

Likely to advance 70% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

High

How often bills like it became law.

  • Enacted

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 1 sponsor

    1 primary, 0 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 8 recorded votes so far.

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Summary

Nitrous oxide; sale, distribution, etc., prohibited, penalties.

Bill Text

We don't have the full text on file for this bill yet.

Read HB648 on the official Virginia source →

How this bill changes current law

11 changes Share ↗

Compared against the Code of Virginia as published AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

This bill amends 1 section(s) of the Code of Virginia: 18.2-264.

  • 18.2-264

    For the purposes of this section, "noxious chemical substances" includes fingernail polish and model airplane glue and chemicals containing any ketones, aldehydes, organic acetates, ether, chlorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, fluorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, nitrous oxide, or hydrogenated fluorocarbons.

    Inserts “For the purposes of this section, "noxious chemical substances" includes fingernail polish and model airplane glue and chemicals containing any ketones, aldehydes, organic acetates, ether, chlorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, fluorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, nitrous oxide, or hydrogenated fluorocarbons.”.

  • 18.2-264

    B.

    Inserts “B.”.

  • 18.2-264

    B.

    Strikes “B.”.

  • 18.2-264

    C.

    Inserts “C.”.

  • 18.2-264

    C.

    Strikes “C.”.

  • 18.2-264

    D.

    Inserts “D.”.

  • 18.2-264

    under 18 years of age

    Strikes “under 18 years of age”.

  • 18.2-264

    fails to make diligent inquiry as to whether the person trying to obtain a device as described in subdivision 1 is 18 years of age or older or

    Strikes “fails to make diligent inquiry as to whether the person trying to obtain a device as described in subdivision 1 is 18 years of age or older or”.

  • 18.2-264

    D. For purposes of this section:

    Strikes “D. For purposes of this section:”.

  • 18.2-264

    "Diligent inquiry" means a good faith effort to determine the age of a person that includes an examination of any valid photo identification that establishes the identity and age of such person.

    Strikes “"Diligent inquiry" means a good faith effort to determine the age of a person that includes an examination of any valid photo identification that establishes the identity and age of such person.”.

  • 18.2-264

    "Noxious chemical substances" includes fingernail polish and model airplane glue and chemicals containing any ketones, aldehydes, organic acetates, ether, chlorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, fluorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, nitrous oxide, or hydrogenated fluorocarbons.

    Strikes “"Noxious chemical substances" includes fingernail polish and model airplane glue and chemicals containing any ketones, aldehydes, organic acetates, ether, chlorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, fluorinated hydrocarbons or vapors, nitrous oxide, or hydrogenated fluorocarbons.”.

Action History

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0191)

  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 191 (effective 7/1/2026)

  3. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

  4. H Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 14, 2026

  5. H Signed by Speaker

  6. S Signed by President

  7. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB648)

  8. H Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB648ER)

  9. H Enrolled

  10. S Passed Senate (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

  11. S Read third time

  12. S Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

  13. S Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

  14. S Rules suspended

  15. S Reported from Courts of Justice (15-Y 0-N)

  16. S Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

  17. S Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

  18. H Read third time and passed House (95-Y 0-N 1-A)

  19. H Engrossed by House - committee substitute

  20. H committee substitute agreed to

  21. H Read second time

  22. H Read first time

  23. H Reported from General Laws (20-Y 1-N)

  24. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB648)

  25. H Placed on General Laws Agenda

  26. H Subcommittee recommends reporting (9-Y 1-N)

  27. H Committee substitute printed 26106990D-H1

  28. H Referred to Committee on General Laws

  29. H Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and referred to General Laws (22-Y 0-N)

  30. H Placed on General Laws Agenda

  31. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  32. H Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute and referring to General Laws (10-Y 0-N)

  33. H House subcommittee offered

  34. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  35. H House subcommittee offered

  36. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  37. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  38. H Assigned HCJ sub: Criminal

  39. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB648)

  40. H Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

  41. H Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26102781D

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

Export CSV (upgrade) →

1 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 147 not signed on · 1 voted No

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (0)

None.

Not signed on (147)

147 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 147 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

Passed Senate

Passed 40 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 40000
Total 40000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (40)
Member Party Vote
Aaron R. Rouse — Yea
Angelia Williams Graves — Yea
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Bill DeSteph — Yea
Bryce E. Reeves — Yea
Christie New Craig — Yea
Christopher T. Head — Yea
Danica A. Roem — Yea
David R. Suetterlein — Yea
David W. Marsden — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Emily M. Jordan — Yea
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
J.D. "Danny" Diggs — Yea
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Jeremy S. McPike — Yea
Kannan Srinivasan — Yea
L. Louise Lucas — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Yea
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Luther Cifers, III — Yea
Mamie E. Locke — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Yea
Mark J. Peake — Yea
Michael J. Jones — Yea
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Yea
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Yea
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Schuyler T. VanValkenburg — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
Stella G. Pekarsky — Yea
T. Travis Hackworth — Yea
Tammy Brankley Mulchi — Yea
Tara A. Durant — Yea
Timmy French — Yea
Todd E. Pillion — Yea
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Yea

Official roll call →

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Passed 40 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 40000
Total 40000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (40)
Member Party Vote
Aaron R. Rouse — Yea
Angelia Williams Graves — Yea
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Bill DeSteph — Yea
Bryce E. Reeves — Yea
Christie New Craig — Yea
Christopher T. Head — Yea
Danica A. Roem — Yea
David R. Suetterlein — Yea
David W. Marsden — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Emily M. Jordan — Yea
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
J.D. "Danny" Diggs — Yea
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Jeremy S. McPike — Yea
Kannan Srinivasan — Yea
L. Louise Lucas — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Yea
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Luther Cifers, III — Yea
Mamie E. Locke — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Yea
Mark J. Peake — Yea
Michael J. Jones — Yea
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Yea
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Yea
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Schuyler T. VanValkenburg — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
Stella G. Pekarsky — Yea
T. Travis Hackworth — Yea
Tammy Brankley Mulchi — Yea
Tara A. Durant — Yea
Timmy French — Yea
Todd E. Pillion — Yea
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Yea

Official roll call →

Reported from Courts of Justice

Passed 15 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 15000
Total 15000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (15)
Member Party Vote
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Kannan Srinivasan — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Yea
Mark J. Peake — Yea
Michael J. Jones — Yea
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Yea
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Yea
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Yea

Official roll call →

Read third time and passed House

Passed 95 Yea · 0 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 95005
Total 95005
% of votes cast 95%0%0%5%
How each member voted (100)
Member Party Vote
Adele Y. McClure — Yea
Alex Q. Askew — Yea
Alfonso H. Lopez — Yea
Amy J. Laufer — Yea
Anne Ferrell Tata — Yea
Atoosa R. Reaser — Yea
Barry D. Knight — Not Voting
Betsy B. Carr — Yea
Bill Wiley — Yea
Bonita G. Anthony — Yea
Briana D. Sewell — Yea
C.E. Cliff Hayes, Jr. — Yea
Charlie Schmidt — Yea
Charniele L. Herring — Yea
Chris S. Runion — Yea
Dan I. Helmer — Yea
David A. Reid — Yea
Debra D. Gardner — Yea
Delores L. McQuinn — Yea
Delores Oates — Yea
Destiny LeVere Bolling — Yea
Don Scott — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Elizabeth R. Guzman — Yea
Ellen H. McLaughlin — Yea
Eric Phillips — Yea
Eric R. Zehr — Yea
Garrett McGuire — Yea
Gretchen M. Bulova — Yea
H. Otto Wachsmann, Jr. — Yea
Hillary Pugh Kent — Yea
Holly M. Seibold — Yea
Hyland F. "Buddy" Fowler, Jr. — Yea
Irene Shin — Yea
Israel D. O'Quinn — Yea
JJ Singh — Yea
Jackie H. Glass — Yea
James A. "Jay" Leftwich — Yea
James W. Morefield — Yea
Jason S. Ballard — Yea
Jeion A. Ward — Yea
Jessica L. Anderson — Yea
John Chilton McAuliff — Not Voting
Joseph P. McNamara — Yea
Joshua E. Thomas — Yea
Joshua G. Cole — Yea
Justin Pence — Yea
Karen Hamilton — Yea
Karen Keys-Gamarra — Yea
Karen R. "Kacey" Carnegie — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Kathy K.L. Tran — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Kelly K. Convirs-Fowler — Yea
Kimberly Pope Adams — Yea
Laura Jane Cohen — Yea
Leslie Chambers Mehta — Yea
Lily V. Franklin — Yea
Lindsey Dougherty — Yea
Luke E. Torian — Yea
M. Keith Hodges — Yea
Madison Whittle — Yea
Marcia S. "Cia" Price — Yea
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Margaret A. Franklin — Yea
Mark C. Downey — Yea
Marty Martinez — Yea
May Nivar — Yea
Michael B. Feggans — Yea
Michael J. Webert — Yea
Michelle Lopes Maldonado — Yea
Mike A. Cherry — Yea
Mitchell Cornett — Yea
Nadarius E. Clark — Not Voting
Nicole Cole — Yea
Patrick A. Hope — Yea
Paul E. Krizek — Yea
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Phillip A. Scott — Yea
R. Lee Ware — Yea
Rae Cousins — Yea
Richard C. "Rip" Sullivan, Jr. — Yea
Robert S. Bloxom, Jr. — Yea
Rodney T. Willett — Yea
Rozia A. Henson, Jr. — Yea
Sam Rasoul — Yea
Scott A. Wyatt — Yea
Shelly A. Simonds — Yea
Stacey Annie Carroll — Yea
Terry G. Kilgore — Yea
Terry L. Austin — Not Voting
Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. — Not Voting
Thomas C. Wright, Jr. — Yea
Timothy P. Griffin — Yea
Tony O. Wilt — Yea
Virgil Thornton — Yea
Vivian E. Watts — Yea
Wendell S. Walker — Yea
Will Davis — Yea
Wren M. Williams — Yea

Official roll call →

Reported from General Laws

Passed 20 Yea · 1 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 20101
Total 20101
% of votes cast 91%5%0%5%
How each member voted (22)
Member Party Vote
Adele Y. McClure — Yea
Atoosa R. Reaser — Yea
Barry D. Knight — Not Voting
Betsy B. Carr — Yea
Bill Wiley — Yea
Elizabeth R. Guzman — Yea
Ellen H. McLaughlin — Yea
Holly M. Seibold — Yea
Hyland F. "Buddy" Fowler, Jr. — Yea
James W. Morefield — Yea
Joshua G. Cole — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Lily V. Franklin — Yea
Luke E. Torian — Yea
Marcia S. "Cia" Price — Nay
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Paul E. Krizek — Yea
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Robert S. Bloxom, Jr. — Yea
Stacey Annie Carroll — Yea
Terry L. Austin — Yea

Official roll call →

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and referred to General Laws

Passed 22 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 22000
Total 22000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (22)
Member Party Vote
Atoosa R. Reaser — Yea
Charlie Schmidt — Yea
James A. "Jay" Leftwich — Yea
Jason S. Ballard — Yea
Justin Pence — Yea
Karen Keys-Gamarra — Yea
Karen R. "Kacey" Carnegie — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Leslie Chambers Mehta — Yea
Madison Whittle — Yea
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Michelle Lopes Maldonado — Yea
Patrick A. Hope — Yea
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Rae Cousins — Yea
Richard C. "Rip" Sullivan, Jr. — Yea
Terry G. Kilgore — Yea
Virgil Thornton — Yea
Vivian E. Watts — Yea
Will Davis — Yea
Wren M. Williams — Yea

Official roll call →

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute and referring to General Laws

Passed 10 Yea · 0 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 10001
Total 10001
% of votes cast 91%0%0%9%
How each member voted (11)
Member Party Vote
Charlie Schmidt — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Leslie Chambers Mehta — Yea
Madison Whittle — Yea
Patrick A. Hope — Not Voting
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Rae Cousins — Yea
Vivian E. Watts — Yea
Will Davis — Yea
Wren M. Williams — Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

public-safety
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does HB648 do?
Nitrous oxide; sale, distribution, etc., prohibited, penalties.
Who sponsors HB648?
HB648 is sponsored by Hillary Pugh Kent.
What is the current status of HB648?
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 13, 2026. Enacted.
Where can I track HB648?
Track HB648 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.

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