United States 119th Congress Status: In Committee 39 R cosponsors

S 3366 — Back the Blue Act of 2025

Last action — Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

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  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. 2
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced December 04, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.

Next likely step: a committee vote, then a floor vote in the Senate.

Prognosis

Stalled 26% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

Low

How often bills like it became law.

  • In Committee

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 39 sponsors

    1 primary, 38 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Single-party support

    Sponsorship is currently within one party (39 R).

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Summary

Back the Blue Act of 2025This bill establishes new criminal offenses for violent conduct against judicial officers and law enforcement officers and makes related changes. The bill also broadens the authority of certain law enforcement officers to carry firearms. Specifically, the bill prohibits killing, attempting to kill, or conspiring to kill a federal judge, a federal law enforcement officer, or a public safety or judicial officer for a state, local, or tribal agency that receives federal funding. The bill also prohibits fleeing to avoid prosecution, custody, or confinement for an offense.Additionally, the bill prohibits killing former federal judges, former federal law enforcement officers, or former public safety or judicial officers for state, local, or tribal agencies that receive federal funding.The bill also prohibits certain assaults on state or local law enforcement officers for state (or District of Columbia) agencies that receive federal funding. The bill limits federal court review of challenges to state court convictions for killing a public safety officer or judge. The bill also limits the recoverability of damages and attorney's fees in a proceeding to enforce a civil rights violation during or relating to conduct by the injured person that constitutes a felony or crime of violence.The bill allows federal, state, and local law enforcement officers to carry firearms if authorized by law. The bill also allows qualified law enforcement officers to carry concealed firearms and ammunition (including magazines) in school zones and in certain federal facilities that are open to the public.

Bill Text

How this bill changes current law

4 changes Share ↗

Compared against current U.S. Code AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

The bill establishes new offenses and penalties related to the killing and assault of law enforcement officers while amending existing law on federal habeas corpus relief in such cases.

  • 28 U.S.C. § 2254

    "(j)(1) For an application for a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court for a crime that involved the killing of a public safety officer (as that term is defined in section 1204 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10284)) or judge, while the public safety officer or judge was engaged in the performance of official duties, or on account of the performance of official duties by or status as a public safety officer or judge-- (A) the application shall be subject to the time limitations and other requirements under sections 2263, 2264, and 2266; and (B) the court shall not consider claims relating to sentencing that were adjudicated in a State court."

    This addition imposes stricter conditions on federal habeas applications related to crimes involving the killing of public safety officers.

  • 18 U.S.C. § 3592

    "(17) Killing of a law enforcement officer, prosecutor, judge, or first responder.--The defendant killed or attempted to kill a person who is authorized by law-- (A) to engage in or supervise the prevention, detention, or investigation of any criminal violation of law; (B) to arrest, prosecute, or adjudicate an individual for any criminal violation of law; or (C) to be a firefighter or other first responder."

    This change adds a new aggravating factor for the federal death penalty specifically for the killing of certain law enforcement officers and first responders.

  • 18 U.S.C. § 1123

    "(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for any person to-- (1) kill, or attempt or conspire to kill-- (A) a United States judge; (B) a Federal law enforcement officer; or (C) a federally funded public safety officer while that officer is engaged in official duties, or on account of the performance of official duties; or (2) kill a former United States judge, Federal law enforcement officer, or federally funded public safety officer on account of the past performance of official duties."

    This establishes new federal offenses regarding the killing of law enforcement officers and increases penalties for such actions.

  • 18 U.S.C. § 120

    "(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful to assault a federally funded State or local law enforcement officer while engaged in or on account of the performance of official duties...."

    This addition creates a new federal offense for assaulting federally funded law enforcement officers.

Action History

  1. Introduced in Senate

  2. Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 38 co-sponsors · 508 not signed on

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (38)

Not signed on (508)

508 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 508 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Subjects

public-safety civil-rights
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does S 3366 do?
Back the Blue Act of 2025This bill establishes new criminal offenses for violent conduct against judicial officers and law enforcement officers and makes related changes. The bill also broadens the authority of certain law enforcement officers to carry firearms. Specifically, the bill prohibits killing, attempting to kill, or conspiring to kill a federal judge, a federal law enforcement officer, or a public safety or judicial officer for a state, local, or tribal agency that receives federal funding. The bill also prohibits fleeing to avoid prosecution, custody, or confinement for an offense.Additionally, the bill prohibits killing former federal judges, former federal law enforcement officers, or former public safety or judicial officers for state, local, or tribal agencies that receive federal funding.The bill also prohibits certain assaults on state or local law enforcement officers for state (or District of Columbia) agencies that receive federal funding. The bill limits federal court review of challenges to state court convictions for killing a public safety officer or judge. The bill also limits the recoverability of damages and attorney's fees in a proceeding to enforce a civil rights violation during or relating to conduct by the injured person that constitutes a felony or crime of violence.The bill allows federal, state, and local law enforcement officers to carry firearms if authorized by law. The bill also allows qualified law enforcement officers to carry concealed firearms and ammunition (including magazines) in school zones and in certain federal facilities that are open to the public.
Who sponsors S 3366?
S 3366 is sponsored by Cornyn, John (Republican), Banks, Jim (Republican), Barrasso, John (Republican), Blackburn, Marsha (Republican), Boozman, John (Republican), Britt, Katie Boyd (Republican), Budd, Ted (Republican), Capito, Shelley Moore (Republican), Cramer, Kevin (Republican), Crapo, Mike (Republican), Cruz, Ted (Republican), Daines, Steve (Republican), Ernst, Joni (Republican), Fischer, Deb (Republican), Graham, Lindsey (Republican), Grassley, Chuck (Republican), Hagerty, Bill (Republican), Hyde-Smith, Cindy (Republican), Justice, James C. (Republican), Kennedy, John (Republican), Lee, Mike (Republican), Lummis, Cynthia M. (Republican), Marshall, Roger (Republican), McCormick, David (Republican), Mullin, Markwayne (Republican), Ricketts, Pete (Republican), Risch, James E. (Republican), Rounds, Mike (Republican), Scott, Rick (Republican), Sheehy, Tim (Republican), Tuberville, Tommy (Republican), Young, Todd (Republican), Cassidy, Bill (Republican), Lankford, James (Republican), Scott, Tim (Republican), Tillis, Thomas (Republican), Sullivan, Dan (Republican), Moody, Ashley (Republican), and Hoeven, John (Republican).
What is the current status of S 3366?
This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced December 04, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.
Where can I track S 3366?
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