S 2736 — Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018

(2) The designation of India as a major defense partner, which is unique to India-- (A)[[Page institutionalizes132 theSTAT. progress made to facilitate defense trade and technology sharing between the United States and India;

5395]] (A) institutionalizes the progress made to facilitate defense trade and technology sharing between the United States and India;

(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United States should-- (1) support and reaffirm the elevation of the United States-AssociationStates- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (referred to in this section as ``ASEAN'') relationship to a strategic partnership;

(2) recommit to ASEAN centrality by helping build a strong, stable, politically cohesive, economically integrated, and socially responsible community of nations that has common rules, norms, procedures, and standards which are consistent with international law and the principles of a rules-based Indo-PacificIndo- Pacific community;

(C)[[Page to132 counterSTAT. piracy;

5396]] (C) to counter piracy;

(b) Report on Strategic Framework for Engagement With ASEAN.-- (1) In<<NOTE: general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with other Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on a strategic framework to administer programs, projects, and activities of the United States to support diplomatic and economic engagement between the United States and ASEAN member countries for the 10-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.

Time periods.

Consultation.

Effective date.>> In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with other Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on a strategic framework to administer programs, projects, and activities of the United States to support diplomatic and economic engagement between the United States and ASEAN member countries for the 10-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(B)[[Page respect132 forSTAT. international law;

5397]] (B) respect for international law;

SEC.[[Page 132 STAT.

5398]] SEC.

COMMITMENT<<NOTE: TO TAIWAN.

22 USC 3301 note.>> COMMITMENT TO TAIWAN.

NORTH<<NOTE: KOREA STRATEGY.

22 USC 9203 note.>> NORTH KOREA STRATEGY.

(1) The Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has flagrantly defied the international community by illicitly developing its nuclear and ballistic missile programs, in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016), 2371 (2017), 2375 (2017), and 2397 (2017).

1701 note;

relating[[Page to132 imposingSTAT. additional sanctions with respect to North Korea), as such Executive orders are in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, until the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is no longer engaged in the illicit activities described in such Executive orders, including actions in violation of the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1).

(2)5399]] Report.--Notrelating laterto thanimposing 30additional dayssanctions after terminating any sanction with respect to theNorth activitiesKorea), ofas the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, a person acting for or on behalf of such government, or any other person provided for in an Executive orderorders listedare in subsectioneffect (a),on the Secretaryday ofbefore State, in consultation with the Secretarydate of the Treasury,enactment shallof submitthis aAct, reportuntil to the appropriateDemocratic congressionalPeople's committeesRepublic justifyingof theKorea terminationis ofno thelonger sanctionengaged andin explaining the relationshipillicit betweenactivities suchdescribed terminationin andsuch theExecutive cessationorders, ofincluding anyactions illicitin activityviolation that violates any of the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1)(a)(1). by such Government or person.

The(2) reporting<<NOTE: requirement under this paragraph shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Consultation.>> Report.--Not later than 30 days after terminating any sanction with respect to the activities of the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, a person acting for or on behalf of such government, or any other person provided for in an Executive order listed in subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees justifying the termination of the sanction and explaining the relationship between such termination and the cessation of any illicit activity that violates any of the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1) by such Government or person.

<<NOTE:

Termination date.>> The reporting requirement under this paragraph shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

1701 et seq.).

(d) Report on a Strategy to Address the Threats Posed by, and the Capabilities of, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.-- (1) In<<NOTE: general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State, or a designee of the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes actions taken by the United States to address the threats posed by, and the capabilities of, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

(2)Consultation.>> Elements.--EachIn reportgeneral.--Not requiredlater underthan paragraph90 (1)days shallafter include--the (A)date aof summarythe enactment of ongoingthis effortsAct, byand every 180 days thereafter for the Unitedfollowing States5 toyears, identifythe strategiesSecretary andof policies,State, includingor ana assessmentdesignee of the strengthsSecretary, andin weaknessesconsultation with the Secretary of suchthe strategiesTreasury, andshall policies--submit (i)a report to achievethe peacefulappropriate denuclearizationcongressional ofcommittees that describes actions taken by the United States to address the threats posed by, and the capabilities of, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;Korea.

(2) <<NOTE:

Summaries.

Assessments.>> Elements.--Each report required under paragraph (1) shall include-- (A) a summary of ongoing efforts by the United States to identify strategies and policies, including an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of such strategies and policies-- (i) to achieve peaceful denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;

(B) an assessment of-- (i) potential road maps toward peaceful denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of[[Page Korea132 andSTAT. the elimination of the nuclear and ballistic missile threats posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;

5400]] of Korea and the elimination of the nuclear and ballistic missile threats posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;

(iii) a<<NOTE: list of countries with governments that the Secretary has determined are noncooperative with respect to implementing the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1);

andLists.>> (iv) a planlist of actioncountries to engage, and increase cooperation with respectgovernments tothat the DemocraticSecretary People'shas Republicdetermined ofare Korea,noncooperative with therespect governmentsto ofimplementing the countriesUnited onNations theSecurity listCouncil describedresolutions referred to in clausesubsection (iii);(a)(1);

and (iv) <<NOTE:

Plan.>> a plan of action to engage, and increase cooperation with respect to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, with the governments of the countries on the list described in clause (iii);

and (E) an<<NOTE: action plan to encourage and assist countries in adopting and using authorities necessary to enforce export controls required by United Nations Security Council resolutions.

Plan.>> an action plan to encourage and assist countries in adopting and using authorities necessary to enforce export controls required by United Nations Security Council resolutions.

and (2) the Secretary of State should work to induce countries to meet their commitments under the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1), including by[[Page considering132 appropriateSTAT. adjustments to the diplomatic posture and foreign assistance of the United States with governments that the Secretary has determined are noncooperative with respect to implementing the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1).

5401]] by considering appropriate adjustments to the diplomatic posture and foreign assistance of the United States with governments that the Secretary has determined are noncooperative with respect to implementing the United Nations Security Council resolutions referred to in subsection (a)(1).

and (4) further self-governance, economic development, and self-sufficiencyself- sufficiency of the Freely Associated States.

FREEDOM<<NOTE: OF NAVIGATION AND OVERFLIGHT;

22 USC 1971 note prec.>> FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION AND OVERFLIGHT;

(a) Freedom of Navigation.--It is the policy of the United States-- (1)[[Page to132 conduct,STAT. as part of its global Freedom of Navigation Program, regular freedom of navigation, and overflight operations in the Indo-Pacific region, in accordance with applicable international law;

5402]] (1) to conduct, as part of its global Freedom of Navigation Program, regular freedom of navigation, and overflight operations in the Indo-Pacific region, in accordance with applicable international law;

(b) Joint Indo-Pacific Diplomatic Strategy.--It is the sense of Congress that the President should develop a diplomatic strategy that includes working with United States allies and partners to conduct joint maritime training and freedom of navigation operations in the Indo-PacificIndo- Pacific region, including the East China Sea and the South China Sea, in support of a rules-based international system benefitting all countries.

(b) Report.--Not<<NOTE: later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and other appropriate Federal officials, shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress that contains an assessment of the current and future capabilities and activities of ISIS-linked, al- Qaeda-linked, and other violent extremist groups in Southeast Asia that pose a significant threat to the United States, its allies, and its citizens interests abroad.

Consultation.

Assessment.>> Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and other appropriate Federal officials, shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress that contains an assessment of the current and future capabilities and activities of ISIS-linked, al-Qaeda-linked, and other violent extremist groups in Southeast Asia that pose a significant threat to the United States, its allies, and its citizens interests abroad.

(2) an<<NOTE: estimate of the number of ISIS-linked, al-Qaeda- linked, and other violent extremist group-affiliated fighters expected to return to Southeast Asia from fighting in the Middle East;

(3)Estimate.>> an analysisestimate of the amountsnumber and sources of ISIS-linked,ISIS- allinked, Qaeda-linked,al-Qaeda-linked, and other variousviolent extremist groupgroup- affiliated-affiliated fighters inexpected to return to Southeast Asia;Asia from fighting in the Middle East;

(4)(3) the<<NOTE: current resources available to combat the threat of ISIS-linked, al-Qaeda-linked, and other violent extremist group-affiliated fighters in Southeast Asia, and the additional resources required to combat such threat;

(5)Analysis.>> aan detailedanalysis assessment of the capabilitiesamounts and sources of ISIS-ISIS-linked, linked,al al-Qaeda-linked,Qaeda-linked, and other violentvarious extremist group-group affiliatedaffiliated-fighters fighters to operate effectively in theSoutheast Indo-PacificAsia; region, including the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia;

(6)(4) athe descriptioncurrent ofresources available to combat the capabilitiesthreat of ISIS-linked, al-Qaeda-linked, and resourcesother ofviolent governmentsextremist group- affiliated fighters in Southeast AsiaAsia, toand counterthe violentadditional extremistresources groups;required to combat such threat;

and(5) (7)<<NOTE: a list of additional United States resources and capabilities that the Department of Defense and the Department of State recommend providing to governments in Southeast Asia to combat violent extremist groups.

Assessment.>> a detailed assessment of the capabilities of ISIS-linked, al-Qaeda-linked, and other violent extremist group-affiliated fighters to operate effectively in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia;

[[Page 132 STAT.

5403]] (6) a description of the capabilities and resources of governments in Southeast Asia to counter violent extremist groups;

and (7) <<NOTE:

Lists.>> a list of additional United States resources and capabilities that the Department of Defense and the Department of State recommend providing to governments in Southeast Asia to combat violent extremist groups.

(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2019 through 2023 to enhance cooperation between the United States and Indo-Pacific nations for the purposes of combatting cybersecurity threats.

TITLE[[Page III--PROMOTING132 UNITEDSTAT. STATES ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN THE INDO- PACIFIC REGION SEC.

5404]] TITLE III--PROMOTING UNITED STATES ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN THE INDO- PACIFIC REGION SEC.

(8) According to the Business Roundtable-- (A) the United States, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam were responsible for a combined 40 percent of global gross domestic product in 2017;

and (B)[[Page the132 UnitedSTAT. States will ``work with partners to build a network of states dedicated to free markets and protected from forces that would subvert their sovereignty.''.

5405]] (B) the United States will ``work with partners to build a network of states dedicated to free markets and protected from forces that would subvert their sovereignty.''.

(b) Annual<<NOTE: Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the President shall submit a report to Congress that-- (1) describes the efforts of the United States Government to combat intellectual property violations and commercial cyber-enabled theft in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly the People's Republic of China;

andPresident.>> (2)Annual includesReport.--Not alater country-by-countrythan assessment180 days after the date of prioritythe areasenactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for Unitedthe Statesfollowing engagement5 andyears, capacitythe buildingPresident assistance.shall submit a report to Congress that-- (1) <<NOTE:

China.>> describes the efforts of the United States Government to combat intellectual property violations and commercial cyber-enabled theft in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly the People's Republic of China;

and [[Page 132 STAT.

5406]] (2) <<NOTE:

Assessment.>> includes a country-by-country assessment of priority areas for United States engagement and capacity building assistance.

(a) Indo-Pacific Energy Strategy.-- (1) Strategy.--Not<<NOTE: later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the President shall establish a comprehensive, integrated, multiyear strategy to encourage the efforts of Indo-Pacific countries to implement national power strategies and cooperation with United States energy companies and the Department of Energy national laboratories to develop an appropriate mix of power solutions to provide access to sufficient, reliable, and affordable power in order to reduce poverty, drive economic growth and job creation, and to increase energy security in the Indo-Pacific region.

Deadlines.

President.>> Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the President shall establish a comprehensive, integrated, multiyear strategy to encourage the efforts of Indo-Pacific countries to implement national power strategies and cooperation with United States energy companies and the Department of Energy national laboratories to develop an appropriate mix of power solutions to provide access to sufficient, reliable, and affordable power in order to reduce poverty, drive economic growth and job creation, and to increase energy security in the Indo-Pacific region.

LOWER<<NOTE: MEKONG INITIATIVE.

Cooperation.>> LOWER MEKONG INITIATIVE.

(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2023, the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a report to Congress that includes-- (1)[[Page a132 listSTAT. and evaluation of Lower Mekong Initiative activities since its inception in 2009;

(2)5407]] a(1) strategy<<NOTE: for any increased regional engagement and measures of success for the activities described in paragraph (1);

Lists.

Evaluation.>> a list and evaluation of Lower Mekong Initiative activities since its inception in 2009;

(2) <<NOTE:

Strategy.>> a strategy for any increased regional engagement and measures of success for the activities described in paragraph (1);

(3) Strong support for human rights and democracy in the Indo-Pacific region is critical to efforts to reduce poverty, build[[Page rule132 ofSTAT. law, combat corruption, reduce the allure of extremism, and promote economic growth.

5408]] build rule of law, combat corruption, reduce the allure of extremism, and promote economic growth.

SEC.[[Page 132 STAT.

5409]] SEC.

(b) Strategy.--Not<<NOTE: later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congressional committees to increase cooperation with ASEAN to promote human rights, democracy, and good governance in Southeast Asia.

(c)Deadline. Contents.--The strategy submitted under subsection (b) should include-- (1) an assessment of the types of United States Government resources available to support increased cooperation;

Consultation.>> Strategy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congressional committees to increase cooperation with ASEAN to promote human rights, democracy, and good governance in Southeast Asia.

(c) <<NOTE:

Assessments.>> Contents.--The strategy submitted under subsection (b) should include-- (1) an assessment of the types of United States Government resources available to support increased cooperation;

(a) Promotion of Democracy in the Indo-Pacific Region.-- (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated $210,000,000, for each of the fiscal years 2019 through 2023, to promote democracy, strengthen civil society, human rights, rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the Indo-Indo-Pacific Pacific[[Page region,132 includingSTAT. for universities, civil society, and multilateral institutions that are focusing on education awareness, training, and capacity building.

5410]] region, including for universities, civil society, and multilateral institutions that are focusing on education awareness, training, and capacity building.

(d) Report.--Not<<NOTE: later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2023, the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a report to Congress that includes-- (1) a list and evaluation of the Human Rights Defenders Fund activities since its inception;

(2)Cooperation.>> aReport.--Not strategylater forthan any180 increaseddays regionalafter engagementthe anddate measuresof the enactment of successthis forAct, and annually thereafter through 2023, the activitiesSecretary describedof State, in paragraphcooperation (1);with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a report to Congress that includes-- (1) <<NOTE:

Lists.

Evaluation.>> a list and evaluation of the Human Rights Defenders Fund activities since its inception;

(2) <<NOTE:

Strategy.>> a strategy for any increased regional engagement and measures of success for the activities described in paragraph (1);

YOUNG<<NOTE: LEADERS PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE INITIATIVES.

Appropriations authorization.>> YOUNG LEADERS PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE INITIATIVES.

SEC.[[Page 132 STAT.

5411]] SEC.

SAVINGS<<NOTE: PROVISION.

22 USC 656 note.>> SAVINGS PROVISION.

Attest:Approved December 31, 2018.

Clerk.LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--S.

115th2736: CONGRESS 2d Session S.

2736--------------------------------------------------------------------------- _______________________________________________________________________CONGRESSIONAL AMENDMENTRECORD, Vol.

164 (2018):

Dec.

4, considered and passed Senate.

Dec.

12, considered and passed House, amended.

Dec.

19, Senate concurred in House amendment.

DAILY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS (2018):

Dec.

31, Presidential statement.

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