S 1352 — Apprenticeship and Jobs Training Act of 2017

(a) Allowance of credit There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the sum of— (1) the business credit carryforwards carried to such taxable year, (2) the amount of the current year business credit, plus (3) the business credit carrybacks carried to such taxable year. (b) Current year business credit For purposes of this subpart, the amount of the current year business credit is the sum of the following credits determined for the taxable year: (1) the investment credit determined under section 46, (2) the work opportunity credit determined under section 51(a), (3) the alcohol fuels credit determined under section 40(a), (4) the research credit determined under section 41(a), (5) the low-income housing credit determined under section 42(a), (6) the enhanced oil recovery credit under section 43(a), (7) in the case of an eligible small business (as defined in section 44(b)), the disabled access credit determined under section 44(a), (8) the renewable electricity production credit under section 45(a), (9) the empowerment zone employment credit determined under section 1396(a), (10) the Indian employment credit as determined under section 45A(a), (11) the employer social security credit determined under section 45B(a), (12) the orphan drug credit determined under section 45C(a), (13) the new markets tax credit determined under section 45D(a), (14) in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45E(c)), the small employer pension plan startup cost credit determined under section 45E(a), (15) the employer-provided child care credit determined under section 45F(a), (16) the railroad track maintenance credit determined under section 45G(a), (17) the biodiesel fuels credit determined under section 40A(a), (18) the low sulfur diesel fuel production credit determined under section 45H(a), (19) the marginal oil and gas well production credit determined under section 45I(a), (20) the distilled spirits credit determined under section 5011(a), (21) the advanced nuclear power facility production credit determined under section 45J(a), (22) the nonconventional source production credit determined under section 45K(a), (23) the new energy efficient home credit determined under section 45L(a), (24) the portion of the alternative motor vehicle credit to which section 30B(g)(1) applies, (25) the portion of the alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit to which section 30C(d)(1) applies, (26) the mine rescue team training credit determined under section 45N(a), (27) in the case of an eligible agricultural business (as defined in section 45O(e)), the agricultural chemicals security credit determined under section 45O(a), (28) the differential wage payment credit determined under section 45P(a), (29) the carbon dioxide sequestration credit determined under section 45Q(a), (30) the portion of the new clean vehicle credit to which section 30D(c)(1) applies, (31) the small employer health insurance credit determined under section 45R, (32) in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45S(c)), the paid family and medical leave credit determined under section 45S(a), (33) in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45T(c)), the retirement auto-enrollment credit determined under section 45T(a), plus (34) the zero-emission nuclear power production credit determined under section 45U(a). (35) the sustainable aviation fuel credit determined under section 40B, (36) the clean hydrogen production credit determined under section 45V(a), (37) the qualified commercial clean vehicle credit determined under section 45W, (38) the advanced manufacturing production credit determined under section 45X(a), (39) the clean electricity production credit determined under section 45Y(a), (40) the clean fuel production credit determined under section 45Z(a), plus (41) in the case of an eligible small employer (as defined in section 45AA(c)), the military sp...

(a) General rule For purposes of section 38, the research credit determined under this section for the taxable year shall be an amount equal to the sum of— (1) 20 percent of the excess (if any) of— (A) the qualified research expenses for the taxable year, over (B) the base amount, (2) 20 percent of the basic research payments determined under subsection (e)(1)(A), and (3) 20 percent of the amounts paid or incurred by the taxpayer in carrying on any trade or business of the taxpayer during the taxable year (including as contributions) to an energy research consortium for energy research. (b) Qualified research expenses For purposes of this section— (1) Qualified research expenses The term “qualified research expenses” means the sum of the following amounts which are paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business of the taxpayer— (A) in-house research expenses, and (B) contract research expenses. (2) In-house research expenses (A) In general The term “in-house research expenses” means— (i) any wages paid or incurred to an employee for qualified services performed by such employee, (ii) any amount paid or incurred for supplies used in the conduct of qualified research, and (iii) under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any amount paid or incurred to another person for the right to use computers in the conduct of qualified research. Clause (iii) shall not apply to any amount to the extent that the taxpayer (or any person with whom the taxpayer must aggregate expenditures under subsection (f)(1)) receives or accrues any amount from any other person for the right to use substantially identical personal property. (B) Qualified services The term “qualified services” means services consisting of— (i) engaging in qualified research, or (ii) engaging in the direct supervision or direct support of research activities which constitute qualified research. If substantially all of the services performed by an individual for the taxpayer during the taxable year consists of services meeting the requirements of clause (i) or (ii), the term “qualified services” means all of the services performed by such individual for the taxpayer during the taxable year. (C) Supplies The term “supplies” means any tangible property other than— (i) land or improvements to land, and (ii) property of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation. (D) Wages (i) In general The term “wages” has the meaning given such term by section 3401(a). (ii) Self-employed individuals and owner-employees In the case of an employee (within the meaning of section 401(c)(1)), the term “wages” includes the earned income (as defined in section 401(c)(2)) of such employee. (iii) Exclusion for wages to which work opportunity credit applies The term “wages” shall not include any amount taken into account in determining the work opportunity credit under section 51(a). (3) Contract research expenses (A) In general The term “contract research expenses” means 65 percent of any amount paid or incurred by the taxpayer to any person (other than an employee of the taxpayer) for qualified research. (B) Prepaid amounts If any contract research expenses paid or incurred during any taxable year are attributable to qualified research to be conducted after the close of such taxable year, such amount shall be treated as paid or incurred during the period during which the qualified research is conducted. (C) Amounts paid to certain research consortia (i) In general Subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting “75 percent” for “65 percent” with respect to amounts paid or incurred by the taxpayer to a qualified research consortium for qualified research on behalf of the taxpayer and 1 or more unrelated taxpayers. For purposes of the preceding sentence, all persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 shall be treated as related taxpayers. (ii) Qualified research consortium The term “qualified research con...

(a) General rules for annuities (1) Income inclusion Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, gross income includes any amount received as an annuity (whether for a period certain or during one or more lives) under an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract. (2) Partial annuitization If any amount is received as an annuity for a period of 10 years or more or during one or more lives under any portion of an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract— (A) such portion shall be treated as a separate contract for purposes of this section, (B) for purposes of applying subsections (b), (c), and (e), the investment in the contract shall be allocated pro rata between each portion of the contract from which amounts are received as an annuity and the portion of the contract from which amounts are not received as an annuity, and (C) a separate annuity starting date under subsection (c)(4) shall be determined with respect to each portion of the contract from which amounts are received as an annuity. (b) Exclusion ratio (1) In general Gross income does not include that part of any amount received as an annuity under an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract which bears the same ratio to such amount as the investment in the contract (as of the annuity starting date) bears to the expected return under the contract (as of such date). (2) Exclusion limited to investment The portion of any amount received as an annuity which is excluded from gross income under paragraph (1) shall not exceed the unrecovered investment in the contract immediately before the receipt of such amount. (3) Deduction where annuity payments cease before entire investment recovered (A) In general If— (i) after the annuity starting date, payments as an annuity under the contract cease by reason of the death of an annuitant, and (ii) as of the date of such cessation, there is unrecovered investment in the contract, the amount of such unrecovered investment (in excess of any amount specified in subsection (e)(5) which was not included in gross income) shall be allowed as a deduction to the annuitant for his last taxable year. (B) Payments to other persons In the case of any contract which provides for payments meeting the requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (c)(2), the deduction under subparagraph (A) shall be allowed to the person entitled to such payments for the taxable year in which such payments are received. (C) Net operating loss deductions provided For purposes of section 172, a deduction allowed under this paragraph shall be treated as if it were attributable to a trade or business of the taxpayer. (4) Unrecovered investment For purposes of this subsection, the unrecovered investment in the contract as of any date is— (A) the investment in the contract (determined without regard to subsection (c)(2)) as of the annuity starting date, reduced by (B) the aggregate amount received under the contract on or after such annuity starting date and before the date as of which the determination is being made, to the extent such amount was excludable from gross income under this subtitle. (c) Definitions (1) Investment in the contract For purposes of subsection (b), the investment in the contract as of the annuity starting date is— (A) the aggregate amount of premiums or other consideration paid for the contract, minus (B) the aggregate amount received under the contract before such date, to the extent that such amount was excludable from gross income under this subtitle or prior income tax laws. (2) Adjustment in investment where there is refund feature If— (A) the expected return under the contract depends in whole or in part on the life expectancy of one or more individuals; (B) the contract provides for payments to be made to a beneficiary (or to the estate of an annuitant) on or after the death of the annuitant or annuitants; and (C) such payments are in the nature of a refund of the consideration paid, then the value (compute...

(a) Rule for employment credits No deduction shall be allowed for that portion of the wages or salaries paid or incurred for the taxable year which is equal to the sum of the credits determined for the taxable year under sections 45A(a), 45P(a), 45S(a)(1)(A), 51(a), and 1396(a). No deduction shall be allowed for that portion of the premiums paid or incurred for the taxable year which is equal to that portion of the paid family and medical leave credit which is determined for the taxable year under section 45S(a)(1)(B). In the case of a corporation which is a member of a controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 52(a)) or a trade or business which is treated as being under common control with other trades or businesses (within the meaning of section 52(b)), this subsection shall be applied under rules prescribed by the Secretary similar to the rules applicable under subsections (a) and (b) of section 52. (b) Credit for qualified clinical testing expenses for certain drugs (1) In general No deduction shall be allowed for that portion of the qualified clinical testing expenses (as defined in section 45C(b)) otherwise allowable as a deduction for the taxable year which is equal to the amount of the credit allowable for the taxable year under section 45C (determined without regard to section 38(c)). (2) Similar rule where taxpayer capitalizes rather than deducts expenses If— (A) the amount of the credit allowable for the taxable year under section 45C (determined without regard to section 38(c)), exceeds (B) the amount allowable as a deduction for the taxable year for qualified clinical testing expenses (determined without regard to paragraph (1)), the amount chargeable to capital account for the taxable year for such expenses shall be reduced by the amount of such excess. (3) Election of reduced credit (A) In general In the case of any taxable year for which an election is made under this paragraph— (i) paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply, and (ii) the amount of the credit under section 45C(a) shall be the amount determined under subparagraph (B). (B) Amount of reduced credit The amount of credit determined under this subparagraph for any taxable year shall be the amount equal to the excess of— (i) the amount of credit determined under section 45C(a) without regard to this paragraph, over (ii) the product of— (I) the amount described in clause (i), and (II) the maximum rate of tax under section 11(b). (C) Election An election under this paragraph for any taxable year shall be made not later than the time for filing the return of tax for such year (including extensions), shall be made on such return, and shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable. (4) Controlled groups In the case of a corporation which is a member of a controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 41(f)(5)) or a trade or business which is treated as being under common control with other trades or business (within the meaning of section 41(f)(1)(B)), this subsection shall be applied under rules prescribed by the Secretary similar to the rules applicable under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 41(f)(1). (c) Credit for increasing research activities (1) In general The domestic research or experimental expenditures (as defined in section 174A(b)) otherwise taken into account as a deduction or charged to capital account under this chapter shall be reduced by the amount of the credit allowed under section 41(a). (2) Election of reduced credit (A) In general In the case of any taxable year for which an election is made under this paragraph— (i) paragraph (1) shall not apply, and (ii) the amount of the credit under section 41(a) shall be the amount determined under subparagraph (B). (B) Amount of reduced credit The amount of credit determined under this subparagraph for any taxable year shall be the amount equal to the excess of— (i) the amount of credit ...

(a) Requirements for qualification A trust created or organized in the United States and forming part of a stock bonus, pension, or profit-sharing plan of an employer for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries shall constitute a qualified trust under this section— (1) if contributions are made to the trust by such employer, or employees, or both, or by another employer who is entitled to deduct his contributions under section 404(a)(3)(B) (relating to deduction for contributions to profit-sharing and stock bonus plans), or by a charitable remainder trust pursuant to a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined in section 664(g)(1)), for the purpose of distributing to such employees or their beneficiaries the corpus and income of the fund accumulated by the trust in accordance with such plan; (2) if under the trust instrument it is impossible, at any time prior to the satisfaction of all liabilities with respect to employees and their beneficiaries under the trust, for any part of the corpus or income to be (within the taxable year or thereafter) used for, or diverted to, purposes other than for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries (but this paragraph shall not be construed, in the case of a multiemployer plan, to prohibit the return of a contribution within 6 months after the plan administrator determines that the contribution was made by a mistake of fact or law (other than a mistake relating to whether the plan is described in section 401(a) or the trust which is part of such plan is exempt from taxation under section 501(a), or the return of any withdrawal liability payment determined to be an overpayment within 6 months of such determination)); (3) if the plan of which such trust is a part satisfies the requirements of section 410 (relating to minimum participation standards); and (4) if the contributions or benefits provided under the plan do not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees (within the meaning of section 414(q)). For purposes of this paragraph, there shall be excluded from consideration employees described in section 410(b)(3)(A) and (C). (5) Special rules relating to nondiscrimination requirements.— (A) Salaried or clerical employees.— A classification shall not be considered discriminatory within the meaning of paragraph (4) or section 410(b)(2)(A)(i) merely because it is limited to salaried or clerical employees. (B) Contributions and benefits may bear uniform relationship to compensation.— A plan shall not be considered discriminatory within the meaning of paragraph (4) merely because the contributions or benefits of, or on behalf of, the employees under the plan bear a uniform relationship to the compensation (within the meaning of section 414(s)) of such employees. (C) Certain disparity permitted.— A plan shall not be considered discriminatory within the meaning of paragraph (4) merely because the contributions or benefits of, or on behalf of, the employees under the plan favor highly compensated employees (as defined in section 414(q)) in the manner permitted under subsection (l). (D) Integrated defined benefit plan.— (i) In general.— A defined benefit plan shall not be considered discriminatory within the meaning of paragraph (4) merely because the plan provides that the employer-derived accrued retirement benefit for any participant under the plan may not exceed the excess (if any) of— (I) the participant’s final pay with the employer, over (II) the employer-derived retirement benefit created under Federal law attributable to service by the participant with the employer.  For purposes of this clause, the employer-derived retirement benefit created under Federal law shall be treated as accruing ratably over 35 years. (ii) Final pay.— For purposes of this subparagraph, the participant’s final pay is the compensation (as defined in section 414(q)(4)) paid to the participant by the employer for any year— (I) which ends during the 5-year perio...

For purposes of this subchapter: (1) The terms “employee welfare benefit plan” and “welfare plan” mean any plan, fund, or program which was heretofore or is hereafter established or maintained by an employer or by an employee organization, or by both, to the extent that such plan, fund, or program was established or is maintained for the purpose of providing for its participants or their beneficiaries, through the purchase of insurance or otherwise, (A) medical, surgical, or hospital care or benefits, or benefits in the event of sickness, accident, disability, death or unemployment, or vacation benefits, apprenticeship or other training programs, or day care centers, scholarship funds, or prepaid legal services, or (B) any benefit described in section 186(c) of this title (other than pensions on retirement or death, and insurance to provide such pensions). (2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the terms “employee pension benefit plan” and “pension plan” mean any plan, fund, or program which was heretofore or is hereafter established or maintained by an employer or by an employee organization, or by both, to the extent that by its express terms or as a result of surrounding circumstances such plan, fund, or program— (i) provides retirement income to employees, or (ii) results in a deferral of income by employees for periods extending to the termination of covered employment or beyond, regardless of the method of calculating the contributions made to the plan, the method of calculating the benefits under the plan or the method of distributing benefits from the plan. A distribution from a plan, fund, or program shall not be treated as made in a form other than retirement income or as a distribution prior to termination of covered employment solely because such distribution is made to an employee who has attained age 62 and who is not separated from employment at the time of such distribution. (B) The Secretary may by regulation prescribe rules consistent with the standards and purposes of this chapter providing one or more exempt categories under which— (i) severance pay arrangements, and (ii) supplemental retirement income payments, under which the pension benefits of retirees or their beneficiaries are supplemented to take into account some portion or all of the increases in the cost of living (as determined by the Secretary of Labor) since retirement, shall, for purposes of this subchapter, be treated as welfare plans rather than pension plans. In the case of any arrangement or payment a principal effect of which is the evasion of the standards or purposes of this chapter applicable to pension plans, such arrangement or payment shall be treated as a pension plan. An applicable voluntary early retirement incentive plan (as defined in section 457(e)(11)(D)(ii) of title 26) making payments or supplements described in section 457(e)(11)(D)(i) of title 26, and an applicable employment retention plan (as defined in section 457(f)(4)(C) of title 26) making payments of benefits described in section 457(f)(4)(A) of title 26, shall, for purposes of this subchapter, be treated as a welfare plan (and not a pension plan) with respect to such payments and supplements. (C) A pooled employer plan shall be treated as— (i) a single employee pension benefit plan or single pension plan; and (ii) a plan to which section 1060(a) of this title applies. (3) The term “employee benefit plan” or “plan” means an employee welfare benefit plan or an employee pension benefit plan or a plan which is both an employee welfare benefit plan and an employee pension benefit plan. (4) The term “employee organization” means any labor union or any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee, association, group, or plan, in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning an employee benefit plan, or other matters incidental to employment relationships;...