Virginia 2026 Session Status: Enacted

HB449 — Civil actions filed on behalf of multiple persons; class actions.

Last action — Governor's Veto Received by House

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  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. ✓
    Passed House of Delegates
  4. ✓
    Passed Senate
  5. ✓
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 12, 2026. Enacted.

Signed by Governor Glenn Youngkin (Republican) on March 12, 2026.

Prognosis

Likely to advance 70% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

High

How often bills like it became law.

  • Enacted

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 1 sponsor

    1 primary, 0 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 7 recorded votes so far.

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

In plain language

The bill addresses civil actions filed on behalf of multiple people in class actions.

This bill deals with the process of class action lawsuits, allowing civil actions to be filed on behalf of multiple persons. Specific details about requirements or procedures are not available as the bill text is not provided.

Summary

Civil actions filed on behalf of multiple persons; class actions.

Bill Text

We don't have the full text on file for this bill yet.

Read HB449 on the official Virginia source →

How this bill changes current law

40 changes Share ↗

Compared against the Code of Virginia as published AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

This bill amends 1 section(s) of the Code of Virginia: 8.01-267.10.

  • 8.01-267.10

    A.

    Inserts “A.”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    One or more members of a class may

    Inserts “One or more members of a class may”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    , as representative parties on behalf of all members,

    Inserts “, as representative parties on behalf of all members,”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    bring a civil action or may

    Inserts “bring a civil action or may”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    be proceeded against in a civil action

    Inserts “be proceeded against in a civil action”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ,

    Inserts “,”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    provided that

    Inserts “provided that”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    :

    Inserts “:”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    1. The class is so numerous that joinder of all members

    Inserts “1. The class is so numerous that joinder of all members”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    is impracticable;

    Inserts “is impracticable;”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    2. There are questions of law or fact common to the class;

    Inserts “2. There are questions of law or fact common to the class;”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    3. The claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class; and

    Inserts “3. The claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class; and”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    4. The representative parties shall fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.

    Inserts “4. The representative parties shall fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    B.

    Inserts “B.”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    A

    Inserts “A”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    n action may be certified as a class action

    Inserts “n action may be certified as a class action”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    if

    Inserts “if”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    all the requirements of subsection A are

    Inserts “all the requirements of subsection A are”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    satisfied and

    Inserts “satisfied and”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    if

    Inserts “if”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    :

    Inserts “:”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    1. Prosecuting

    Inserts “1. Prosecuting”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    separate actions by or against individual class members would create a risk of (i) inconsistent or varying adjudications

    Inserts “separate actions by or against individual class members would create a risk of (i) inconsistent or varying adjudications”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    of individual class members that would establish incompatible standards of conduct for the opposing party or

    Inserts “of individual class members that would establish incompatible standards of conduct for the opposing party or”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    (ii) adjudications

    Inserts “(ii) adjudications”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    of individual class members that, as a practical matter, would be dispositive of the interests of the other members

    Inserts “of individual class members that, as a practical matter, would be dispositive of the interests of the other members”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    that

    Inserts “that”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    are

    Inserts “are”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    not parties to the individual adjudications or would substantially impair or impede their ability to protect their interests

    Inserts “not parties to the individual adjudications or would substantially impair or impede their ability to protect their interests”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ;

    Inserts “;”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    2. The party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds that apply generally to the class, so that the final injunctive relief or corresponding declaratory relief is appropriate to the class as a whole; or

    Inserts “2. The party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds that apply generally to the class, so that the final injunctive relief or corresponding declaratory relief is appropriate to the class as a whole; or”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    3. The court finds that the questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and that a class action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy.

    Inserts “3. The court finds that the questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and that a class action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy.”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    In making this finding, the court may consider (i) the class members' interests in individually controlling the prosecution or defense of separate actions

    Inserts “In making this finding, the court may consider (i) the class members' interests in individually controlling the prosecution or defense of separate actions”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ,

    Inserts “,”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    (ii) the extent and nature of any litigation concerning the controversy already begun by or against class members

    Inserts “(ii) the extent and nature of any litigation concerning the controversy already begun by or against class members”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ,

    Inserts “,”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    (iii) the desirability or undesirability of concentrating the litigation of the claims in a particular forum

    Inserts “(iii) the desirability or undesirability of concentrating the litigation of the claims in a particular forum”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ,

    Inserts “,”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    (iv) the likely difficulties in managing a class action

    Inserts “(iv) the likely difficulties in managing a class action”.

  • 8.01-267.10

    ,

    Inserts “,”.

Action History

  1. Vetoed by Governor

  2. H Governor's Veto Received by House

  3. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., May 23, 2026

  4. H Communicated to Governor

  5. H Passed by for the day

  6. H Passed by for the day

  7. H Governor's substitute printed (HB449H2)

  8. H Governor's substitute printed (HB449H2)

  9. Governor's Recommendation

  10. Governor's recommendation received by House

  11. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

  12. H Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 14, 2026

  13. H Signed by Speaker

  14. H Enrolled

  15. S Signed by President

  16. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB449)

  17. H Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB449ER)

  18. H Enrolled

  19. S Passed Senate (22-Y 18-N 0-A)

  20. S Read third time

  21. S Passed by for the day (Voice Vote)

  22. S Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

  23. S Rules suspended

  24. S Reported from Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 5-N)

  25. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB449)

  26. S Rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

  27. S Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (10-Y 4-N)

  28. H Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB449)

  29. S Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

  30. S Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

  31. H Read third time and passed House (64-Y 34-N 0-A)

  32. H Engrossed by House - committee substitute

  33. H committee substitute agreed to

  34. H Read second time

  35. H Read first time

  36. H Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute (14-Y 6-N)

  37. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  38. H Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (7-Y 3-N)

  39. H House subcommittee offered

  40. H Placed on Courts of Justice Agenda

  41. H Assigned HCJ sub: Civil

  42. H Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

  43. H Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26105384D

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

Export CSV (upgrade) →

1 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 147 not signed on · 52 voted No

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (0)

None.

Not signed on (147)

147 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 147 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

Passed Senate

Passed 22 Yea · 18 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 221800
Total 221800
% of votes cast 55%45%0%0%
How each member voted (40)
Member Party Vote
Aaron R. Rouse — Yea
Angelia Williams Graves — Yea
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Bill DeSteph — Nay
Bryce E. Reeves — Nay
Christie New Craig — Nay
Christopher T. Head — Nay
Danica A. Roem — Yea
David R. Suetterlein — Nay
David W. Marsden — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Emily M. Jordan — Nay
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
J.D. "Danny" Diggs — Nay
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Jeremy S. McPike — Yea
Kannan Srinivasan — Yea
L. Louise Lucas — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Yea
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Luther Cifers, III — Nay
Mamie E. Locke — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Nay
Mark J. Peake — Nay
Michael J. Jones — Yea
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Nay
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Nay
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Schuyler T. VanValkenburg — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
Stella G. Pekarsky — Yea
T. Travis Hackworth — Nay
Tammy Brankley Mulchi — Nay
Tara A. Durant — Nay
Timmy French — Nay
Todd E. Pillion — Nay
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Nay

Official roll call →

Reported from Finance and Appropriations

Passed 9 Yea · 5 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 9501
Total 9501
% of votes cast 60%33%0%7%
How each member voted (15)
Member Party Vote
Aaron R. Rouse — Yea
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Bryce E. Reeves — Nay
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jeremy S. McPike — Yea
L. Louise Lucas — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Not Voting
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Mamie E. Locke — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Nay
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Nay
Ryan T. McDougle — Nay
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
Todd E. Pillion — Nay

Official roll call →

Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading)

Passed 40 Yea · 0 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 40000
Total 40000
% of votes cast 100%0%0%0%
How each member voted (40)
Member Party Vote
Aaron R. Rouse — Yea
Angelia Williams Graves — Yea
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Bill DeSteph — Yea
Bryce E. Reeves — Yea
Christie New Craig — Yea
Christopher T. Head — Yea
Danica A. Roem — Yea
David R. Suetterlein — Yea
David W. Marsden — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Emily M. Jordan — Yea
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
J.D. "Danny" Diggs — Yea
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Jeremy S. McPike — Yea
Kannan Srinivasan — Yea
L. Louise Lucas — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Yea
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Luther Cifers, III — Yea
Mamie E. Locke — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Yea
Mark J. Peake — Yea
Michael J. Jones — Yea
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Yea
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Yea
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Schuyler T. VanValkenburg — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
Stella G. Pekarsky — Yea
T. Travis Hackworth — Yea
Tammy Brankley Mulchi — Yea
Tara A. Durant — Yea
Timmy French — Yea
Todd E. Pillion — Yea
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Yea

Official roll call →

Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Passed 10 Yea · 4 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 10401
Total 10401
% of votes cast 67%27%0%7%
How each member voted (15)
Member Party Vote
Barbara A. Favola — Yea
Glen H. Sturtevant, Jr. — Yea
Jennifer B. Boysko — Yea
Jennifer D. Carroll Foy — Yea
Lamont Bagby — Yea
Lashrecse D. Aird — Yea
Mark D. Obenshain — Nay
Mark J. Peake — Nay
R. Creigh Deeds — Yea
Richard H. Stuart — Nay
Russet Perry — Yea
Ryan T. McDougle — Nay
Saddam Azlan Salim — Yea
Scott A. Surovell — Yea
William M. Stanley, Jr. — Not Voting

Official roll call →

Read third time and passed House

Passed 64 Yea · 34 Nay · 2 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 643402
Total 643402
% of votes cast 64%34%0%2%
How each member voted (100)
Member Party Vote
Adele Y. McClure — Yea
Alex Q. Askew — Yea
Alfonso H. Lopez — Yea
Amy J. Laufer — Yea
Anne Ferrell Tata — Nay
Atoosa R. Reaser — Yea
Barry D. Knight — Not Voting
Betsy B. Carr — Yea
Bill Wiley — Nay
Bonita G. Anthony — Yea
Briana D. Sewell — Yea
C.E. Cliff Hayes, Jr. — Yea
Charlie Schmidt — Yea
Charniele L. Herring — Yea
Chris S. Runion — Nay
Dan I. Helmer — Yea
David A. Reid — Yea
Debra D. Gardner — Yea
Delores L. McQuinn — Yea
Delores Oates — Nay
Destiny LeVere Bolling — Yea
Don Scott — Yea
Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — Yea
Elizabeth R. Guzman — Yea
Ellen H. McLaughlin — Nay
Eric Phillips — Nay
Eric R. Zehr — Nay
Garrett McGuire — Yea
Gretchen M. Bulova — Yea
H. Otto Wachsmann, Jr. — Nay
Hillary Pugh Kent — Nay
Holly M. Seibold — Yea
Hyland F. "Buddy" Fowler, Jr. — Nay
Irene Shin — Yea
Israel D. O'Quinn — Nay
JJ Singh — Yea
Jackie H. Glass — Yea
James A. "Jay" Leftwich — Nay
James W. Morefield — Nay
Jason S. Ballard — Nay
Jeion A. Ward — Yea
Jessica L. Anderson — Yea
John Chilton McAuliff — Yea
Joseph P. McNamara — Nay
Joshua E. Thomas — Yea
Joshua G. Cole — Yea
Justin Pence — Nay
Karen Hamilton — Nay
Karen Keys-Gamarra — Not Voting
Karen R. "Kacey" Carnegie — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Kathy K.L. Tran — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Kelly K. Convirs-Fowler — Yea
Kimberly Pope Adams — Yea
Laura Jane Cohen — Yea
Leslie Chambers Mehta — Yea
Lily V. Franklin — Yea
Lindsey Dougherty — Yea
Luke E. Torian — Yea
M. Keith Hodges — Nay
Madison Whittle — Nay
Marcia S. "Cia" Price — Yea
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Margaret A. Franklin — Yea
Mark C. Downey — Yea
Marty Martinez — Yea
May Nivar — Yea
Michael B. Feggans — Yea
Michael J. Webert — Nay
Michelle Lopes Maldonado — Yea
Mike A. Cherry — Nay
Mitchell Cornett — Nay
Nadarius E. Clark — Yea
Nicole Cole — Yea
Patrick A. Hope — Yea
Paul E. Krizek — Yea
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Phillip A. Scott — Nay
R. Lee Ware — Nay
Rae Cousins — Yea
Richard C. "Rip" Sullivan, Jr. — Yea
Robert S. Bloxom, Jr. — Nay
Rodney T. Willett — Yea
Rozia A. Henson, Jr. — Yea
Sam Rasoul — Yea
Scott A. Wyatt — Nay
Shelly A. Simonds — Yea
Stacey Annie Carroll — Yea
Terry G. Kilgore — Nay
Terry L. Austin — Nay
Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. — Yea
Thomas C. Wright, Jr. — Nay
Timothy P. Griffin — Nay
Tony O. Wilt — Nay
Virgil Thornton — Yea
Vivian E. Watts — Yea
Wendell S. Walker — Nay
Will Davis — Nay
Wren M. Williams — Nay

Official roll call →

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute

Passed 14 Yea · 6 Nay · 2 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 14602
Total 14602
% of votes cast 64%27%0%9%
How each member voted (22)
Member Party Vote
Atoosa R. Reaser — Not Voting
Charlie Schmidt — Yea
James A. "Jay" Leftwich — Nay
Jason S. Ballard — Nay
Justin Pence — Nay
Karen Keys-Gamarra — Yea
Karen R. "Kacey" Carnegie — Yea
Karrie K. Delaney — Yea
Katrina Callsen — Yea
Leslie Chambers Mehta — Yea
Madison Whittle — Nay
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Michelle Lopes Maldonado — Yea
Patrick A. Hope — Yea
Phil M. Hernandez — Yea
Rae Cousins — Yea
Richard C. "Rip" Sullivan, Jr. — Yea
Terry G. Kilgore — Nay
Virgil Thornton — Yea
Vivian E. Watts — Yea
Will Davis — Nay
Wren M. Williams — Not Voting

Official roll call →

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Passed 7 Yea · 3 Nay
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 7300
Total 7300
% of votes cast 70%30%0%0%
How each member voted (10)
Member Party Vote
Atoosa R. Reaser — Yea
James A. "Jay" Leftwich — Nay
Jason S. Ballard — Nay
Karen Keys-Gamarra — Yea
Karen R. "Kacey" Carnegie — Yea
Marcus B. Simon — Yea
Michelle Lopes Maldonado — Yea
Richard C. "Rip" Sullivan, Jr. — Yea
Terry G. Kilgore — Nay
Virgil Thornton — Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

civil-rights
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Frequently asked questions

What does HB449 do?
Civil actions filed on behalf of multiple persons; class actions.
Who sponsors HB449?
HB449 is sponsored by Marcus B. Simon.
What is the current status of HB449?
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced January 12, 2026. Enacted.
Where can I track HB449?
Track HB449 free on One Click Politics — get push/email alerts when it moves.

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