United States 119th Congress Status: In Committee Bipartisan · 32 D · 1 I cosponsors

S 455 — Protecting Sensitive Locations Act

Last action — Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

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  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. 2
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced February 06, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.

Next likely step: a committee vote, then a floor vote in the Senate.

Prognosis

Advancing 42% · moderate confidence

Where this bill stands today.

Odds of enactment

Low

How often bills like it became law.

  • In Committee

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 33 sponsors

    1 primary, 32 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Bipartisan support

    Sponsored across 2 parties (32 D · 1 I) — cross-party backing.

Prognosis reads this bill's own signals — stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes and cross-state momentum. Odds come from a model trained on which bills have become law.

Summary

Protecting Sensitive Locations ActThis bill prohibits immigration enforcement actions within 1,000 feet of a sensitive location except in exigent circumstances, such as the imminent risk of death, violence, or physical harm to any person.Sensitive locations include health care facilities;schools and school bus stops;places that provide assistance for people such as children, pregnant women, and abuse victims;child care facilities;places that provide disaster or emergency services;places of worship;courthouses and lawyers’ offices;facilities used as polling places;certain labor union facilities; andpublic assistance offices.The prohibition shall apply to Department of Homeland Security officers and agents, as well as state employees pursuing immigration enforcement actions.If an enforcement action is carried out in violation of this prohibition (1) no information resulting from the action may be entered into the record in a resulting removal proceeding, and (2) the affected individual may move to immediately terminate such a proceeding.U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall annually report to Congress about enforcement actions taken at sensitive locations in the preceding year.

Bill Text

How this bill changes current law

9 changes Share ↗

Compared against current U.S. Code AI-generated reading aid — verify against the official bill.

The bill amends the powers of immigration officers by limiting enforcement actions near sensitive locations and establishing specific procedures for conducting such actions.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (i)(1) In order to ensure individuals' access to sensitive locations, this subsection shall apply to any enforcement action by-- (A) officers or agents of the Department of Homeland Security, including officers and agents of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and (B) any individual designated to perform immigration enforcement functions pursuant to a written agreement described in subsection (g).

    Introduces a new subsection that applies specific enforcement action rules to immigration officers at sensitive locations.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (2)(A) An enforcement action may not take place, be focused on a location, or occur, within 1,000 feet of a sensitive location, except under exigent circumstances.

    Establishes a boundary where immigration enforcement actions are generally prohibited near sensitive locations.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (B) If an immigration enforcement action is taking place under exigent circumstances, and the exigent circumstances permitting the enforcement action cease, the enforcement action shall be discontinued until such exigent circumstances reemerge.

    Requires discontinuation of enforcement actions when exigent circumstances no longer exist.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (C) If an individual referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) is not certain as to whether exigent circumstances exist, the individual-- (i) shall cease the enforcement action immediately; (ii) shall consult with his or her supervisor in real time regarding the existence of exigent circumstances; and (iii) may not continue the enforcement action until the individual's supervisor affirmatively confirms the existence of exigent circumstances.

    Establishes a protocol for officers uncertain about exigent circumstances to suspend actions and seek supervision.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (3)(A) When proceeding with an enforcement action at or near a sensitive location, individuals referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) shall make every effort-- (i) to conduct themselves as discreetly as possible, consistent with officer and public safety; (ii) to limit the time spent at the sensitive location; and (iii) to limit the enforcement action to the person or persons for whom prior approval was obtained.

    Mandates that officers act discreetly and limit the scope and duration of enforcement actions at sensitive locations.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (B) If, in the course of an enforcement action that is not initiated at or focused on a sensitive location, individuals referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) are led to or near a sensitive location, and no clear exigent circumstance with respect to the sensitive location exists, such individuals shall-- (i) cease before taking any further enforcement action; (ii) conduct themselves in a discreet manner; (iii) maintain surveillance; and (iv) in the event that uncertainty exists about the existence of exigent circumstances, immediately consult their supervisor in order to determine whether such enforcement action should be discontinued pursuant to paragraph (2)(C).

    Requires officers to cease actions if they become aware they are near a sensitive location without clear exigent circumstances.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (C) This subsection shall not apply to the transportation of an individual apprehended at or near a land or sea border to a hospital or health care provider for the purpose of providing such individual medical care.

    Exempts medical transport from the enforcement restrictions near sensitive locations.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (D) This subsection shall not apply to a rare premeditated arrest operation, undertaken with the prior written approval of an appropriate authorizing official, involving the targeted arrest of a terrorist suspect, an individual who poses a clear threat to national security, or an individual who poses an extraordinary danger to public safety.

    Allows exceptions for specific, approved operations that may pose national security threats.

  • 8 U.S.C. 1357

    (4) If an enforcement action is carried out in violation of this subsection-- (A) no information resulting from the enforcement action may be entered into the record or received into evidence in a removal proceeding resulting from the enforcement action; and (B) the alien who is the subject of such removal proceeding may file a motion for the immediate termination of the removal proceeding.

    Establishes penalties for illegal enforcement actions, preventing evidence from being used in removal proceedings.

Action History

  1. Introduced in Senate

  2. Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 32 co-sponsors · 514 not signed on

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (32)

Not signed on (514)

514 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 514 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Subjects

public-safety immigration civil-rights
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does S 455 do?
Protecting Sensitive Locations ActThis bill prohibits immigration enforcement actions within 1,000 feet of a sensitive location except in exigent circumstances, such as the imminent risk of death, violence, or physical harm to any person.Sensitive locations include health care facilities;schools and school bus stops;places that provide assistance for people such as children, pregnant women, and abuse victims;child care facilities;places that provide disaster or emergency services;places of worship;courthouses and lawyers’ offices;facilities used as polling places;certain labor union facilities; andpublic assistance offices.The prohibition shall apply to Department of Homeland Security officers and agents, as well as state employees pursuing immigration enforcement actions.If an enforcement action is carried out in violation of this prohibition (1) no information resulting from the action may be entered into the record in a resulting removal proceeding, and (2) the affected individual may move to immediately terminate such a proceeding.U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall annually report to Congress about enforcement actions taken at sensitive locations in the preceding year.
Who sponsors S 455?
S 455 is sponsored by Blumenthal, Richard (Democratic), Durbin, Richard J. (Democratic), Booker, Cory A. (Democratic), Cortez Masto, Catherine (Democratic), Schiff, Adam B. (Democratic), Murray, Patty (Democratic), Padilla, Alex (Democratic), Warren, Elizabeth (Democratic), Wyden, Ron (Democratic), Heinrich, Martin (Democratic), Hickenlooper, John W. (Democratic), Rosen, Jacky (Democratic), Duckworth, Tammy (Democratic), Sanders, Bernard (Independent), Hirono, Mazie K. (Democratic), Markey, Edward J. (Democratic), Schatz, Brian (Democratic), Welch, Peter (Democratic), Warnock, Raphael G. (Democratic), Bennet, Michael F. (Democratic), Whitehouse, Sheldon (Democratic), Smith, Tina (Democratic), Luján, Ben Ray (Democratic), Merkley, Jeff (Democratic), Kim, Andy (Democratic), Alsobrooks, Angela D. (Democratic), Van Hollen, Chris (Democratic), Coons, Christopher A. (Democratic), Shaheen, Jeanne (Democratic), Blunt Rochester, Lisa (Democratic), Gillibrand, Kirsten E. (Democratic), Klobuchar, Amy (Democratic), and Baldwin, Tammy (Democratic).
What is the current status of S 455?
This bill is in committee in the Senate. Introduced February 06, 2025. It must pass committee before a floor vote.
Where can I track S 455?
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