Washington 2023-2024 Regular Session Status: Enacted Bipartisan · 27 D · 2 R cosponsors

HB 1998 — Concerning co-living housing.

Last action — Effective date 6/6/2024.

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. ✓
    Passed House
  4. ✓
    Passed Senate
  5. ✓
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced December 20, 2023. Enacted.

Odds of enactment

High chance

Based on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a high chance of becoming law.

Upgrade to see the exact probability and what's driving it.

A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.

Prognosis

Likely to advance 98% · high confidence

  • Enacted

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 31 sponsors

    1 primary, 30 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Bipartisan support

    Sponsored across 2 parties (27 D · 2 R) — cross-party backing.

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 3 recorded votes so far.

Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

67 added · 82 removed

Plain-language change summary

The latest version of HB 1998 now allows co-living housing in any area designated for multifamily residential use within urban growth zones, rather than only on lots with at least six units. It has also simplified parking requirements; cities and counties cannot enforce stricter parking regulations for co-living housing than they do for other residential types, and they are now exempt from some parking requirements as long as they provide safety justifications. These changes are significant because they could make it easier and more flexible to develop affordable housing options in urban areas, addressing housing shortages.

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ENGROSSED SUBSTITUTE HOUSE BILL 1998 State of Washington 68th Legislature 2024 Regular Session By House Housing (originally sponsored by Representatives Gregerson, Barkis, Leavitt, Rule, Ryu, Reed, Morgan, Fitzgibbon, Berry, Duerr, Bronoske, Ramos, Ramel, Bateman, Peterson, Chambers, Taylor, Simmons, Ormsby, Graham, Callan, Macri, Donaghy, Doglio, Mena, Nance, Riccelli, Cortes, Santos, Pollet, and Davis) READ FIRST TIME 01/15/24.
H-2254.1 HOUSE BILL 1998 State of Washington 68th Legislature 2024 Regular Session By Representatives Gregerson, Barkis, Leavitt, Rule, Ryu, Reed, Morgan, Fitzgibbon, Berry, Duerr, Bronoske, Ramos, Ramel, Bateman, Peterson, Chambers, Taylor, Simmons, Ormsby, Graham, Callan, Macri, Donaghy, Doglio, Mena, Nance, Riccelli, Cortes, Santos, Pollet, and Davis Prefiled 12/20/23.
Read first time 01/08/24.
Referred to Committee on Housing.
1 ESHB 1998 (e) Starting in the mid-20th century, local governments began adopting restrictive zoning and other rules that increasingly prohibited co-living housing, or made it impractical to build or operate, and its numbers plummeted;
1 HB 1998 (e) Starting in the mid-20th century, local governments began adopting restrictive zoning and other rules that increasingly prohibited co-living housing, or made it impractical to build or operate, and its numbers plummeted;
2 ESHB 1998 (m) Co-living housing is well-suited for very low-income people, supportive and recovery housing, and "housing first" homes for the formerly homeless;
2 HB 1998 (m) Co-living housing is well-suited for very low-income people, supportive and recovery housing, and "housing first" homes for the formerly homeless;
(1) Cities and counties planning under this chapter must allow co-living housing as a permitted use on any lot located within an urban growth area that allows at least six multifamily residential units, including on a lot zoned for mixed use development.
(1) Cities and counties planning under this chapter must allow co-living housing as a permitted use in any zone within an urban growth area that allows multifamily residential uses, including mixed use development.
(3)(a) A city or county subject to the provisions of this section also may not require co-living housing to:
(3) A city or county subject to the provisions of this section also may not require co-living housing to:
(i) Provide off-street parking within one-half mile walking distance of a major transit stop;
(a) Provide off-street parking within one-half mile walking distance of a major transit stop;
or (ii) Provide more than 0.25 off-street parking spaces per sleeping unit.
or (b) Provide more than 0.25 off-street parking spaces per sleeping unit.
(b) The provisions of (a) of this subsection do not apply:
(4) A city or county may not require through development regulations any standards for co-living housing that are more p.
(i) If a city or county submits to the department an empirical study prepared by a credentialed transportation or land use planning p.
3 HB 1998 restrictive than those that are required for other types of residential uses in the same zone.
3 ESHB 1998 expert that clearly demonstrates, and the department finds and certifies, that the application of the parking limitations of (a) of this subsection will be significantly less safe for vehicle drivers or passengers, pedestrians, or bicyclists than if the jurisdiction's parking requirements were applied to the same location.
The department must develop guidance to assist cities and counties on items to include in the study;
or (ii) To portions of cities within a one-mile radius of a commercial airport in Washington with at least 9,000,000 annual enplanements.
(4) A city or county may not require through development regulations any standards for co-living housing that are more restrictive than those that are required for other types of multifamily residential uses in the same zone.
(7) A city or county may not treat a sleeping unit in co-living housing as more than one-quarter of a dwelling unit for purposes of calculating dwelling unit density.
(7) A city or county may not treat a sleeping unit in co-living housing as more than one-quarter of a dwelling unit for purposes of calculating dwelling unit density or fees for permitting and utility connections.
(8) A city or county may not treat a sleeping unit in co-living housing as more than one-half of a dwelling unit for purposes of calculating fees for utility connections.
(8)(a) A city or county subject to the requirements of this section must adopt or amend by ordinance and incorporate into their development regulations, zoning regulations, and other official controls the requirements of this section to take effect six months after the jurisdiction's next periodic comprehensive plan update required under RCW 36.70A.130.
(9)(a) A city or county subject to the requirements of this section must adopt or amend by ordinance and incorporate into their development regulations, zoning regulations, and other official controls the requirements of this section to take effect no later than December 31, 2025.
(10) Any action taken by a city or county to comply with the requirements of this section is not subject to legal challenge under this chapter or chapter 43.21C RCW.
(9) For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
p.
4 ESHB 1998 (11) For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
(iv) Stops on bus rapid transit routes or routes that run on high occupancy vehicle lanes;
p.
4 HB 1998 (iv) Stops on bus rapid transit routes or routes that run on high occupancy vehicle lanes;
5 ESHB 1998
5 HB 1998
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Action History

  1. Effective date 6/6/2024.

  2. Chapter 180, 2024 Laws.

  3. Governor signed.

  4. Delivered to Governor.

  5. President signed.

  6. Speaker signed.

  7. Passed final passage; yeas, 97; nays, 0; absent, 0; excused, 1.

  8. House concurred in Senate amendments.

  9. Third reading, passed; yeas, 44; nays, 4; absent, 0; excused, 1.

  10. Rules suspended. Placed on Third Reading.

  11. Floor amendment(s) adopted.

  12. Placed on second reading by Rules Committee.

  13. Passed to Rules Committee for second reading.

  14. LGLT - Majority; do pass.

  15. Executive action taken in the Senate Committee on Local Government, Land Use & Tribal Affairs at 10:30 AM.

  16. First reading, referred to Local Government, Land Use & Tribal Affairs.

  17. Third reading, passed; yeas, 96; nays, 0; absent, 0; excused, 2.

  18. Rules suspended. Placed on Third Reading.

  19. Floor amendment(s) adopted.

  20. 1st substitute bill substituted (HOUS 24).

  21. Rules Committee relieved of further consideration. Placed on second reading.

  22. Referred to Rules 2 Review.

  23. HOUS - Majority; 1st substitute bill be substituted, do pass.

  24. Executive action taken in the House Committee on Housing at 8:00 AM.

  25. Public hearing in the House Committee on Housing at 1:30 PM.

  26. First reading, referred to Housing.

  27. Prefiled for introduction.

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 30 co-sponsors · 120 not signed on · 2 voted No

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (30)

Not signed on (120)

120 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 120 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

Final Passage as Amended by the Senate (#8)

Passed 97 Yea · 0 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Republican 30000
Democrat 57000
Unaffiliated 10001
Total 97001
% of votes cast 99%0%0%1%
How each member voted (98)
Member Party Vote
Chambers — Yea
Chandler — Not Voting
Cheney — Yea
Chopp — Yea
Hutchins — Yea
Kretz — Yea
Maycumber — Yea
Mosbrucker — Yea
Robertson — Yea
Sandlin — Yea
Wilcox — Yea
Alex Ramel Democrat Yea
Alicia Rule Democrat Yea
Amy Walen Democrat Yea
April Berg Democrat Yea
Beth Doglio Democrat Yea
Bill Ramos Democrat Yea
Brandy Donaghy Democrat Yea
Chipalo Street Democrat Yea
Chris Stearns Democrat Yea
Cindy Ryu Democrat Yea
Clyde Shavers Democrat Yea
Dan Bronoske Democrat Yea
Darya Farivar Democrat Yea
Dave Paul Democrat Yea
David Hackney Democrat Yea
Davina Duerr Democrat Yea
Debra Entenman Democrat Yea
Debra Lekanoff Democrat Yea
Emily Alvarado Democrat Yea
Gerry Pollet Democrat Yea
Greg Nance Democrat Yea
Jake Fey Democrat Yea
Jamila Taylor Democrat Yea
Jessica Bateman Democrat Yea
Joe Fitzgibbon Democrat Yea
Joe Timmons Democrat Yea
Julia Reed Democrat Yea
Julio Cortes Democrat Yea
Kristine Reeves Democrat Yea
Larry Springer Democrat Yea
Lauren Davis Democrat Yea
Laurie Jinkins Democrat Yea
Lillian Ortiz-Self Democrat Yea
Lisa Callan Democrat Yea
Liz Berry Democrat Yea
Marcus Riccelli Democrat Yea
Mari Leavitt Democrat Yea
Mary Fosse Democrat Yea
Melanie Morgan Democrat Yea
Mia Gregerson Democrat Yea
Mike Chapman Democrat Yea
Monica Jurado Stonier Democrat Yea
My-Linh Thai Democrat Yea
Nicole Macri Democrat Yea
Roger Goodman Democrat Yea
Sharlett Mena Democrat Yea
Sharon Tomiko Santos Democrat Yea
Sharon Wylie Democrat Yea
Shelley Kloba Democrat Yea
Steve Bergquist Democrat Yea
Steve Tharinger Democrat Yea
Strom Peterson Democrat Yea
Tana Senn Democrat Yea
Tarra Simmons Democrat Yea
Timm Ormsby Democrat Yea
Tina Orwall Democrat Yea
Vandana Slatter Democrat Yea
Alex Ybarra Republican Yea
Andrew Barkis Republican Yea
April Connors Republican Yea
Carolyn Eslick Republican Yea
Chris Corry Republican Yea
Cyndy Jacobsen Republican Yea
Dan Griffey Republican Yea
Drew Stokesbary Republican Yea
Ed Orcutt Republican Yea
Jenny Graham Republican Yea
Jim Walsh Republican Yea
Joe Schmick Republican Yea
Joel McEntire Republican Yea
Keith Goehner Republican Yea
Kevin Waters Republican Yea
Leonard Christian Republican Yea
Mark Klicker Republican Yea
Mary Dye Republican Yea
Michelle Valdez Republican Yea
Mike Steele Republican Yea
Mike Volz Republican Yea
Paul Harris Republican Yea
Peter Abbarno Republican Yea
Sam Low Republican Yea
Skyler Rude Republican Yea
Stephanie Barnard Republican Yea
Stephanie McClintock Republican Yea
Suzanne Schmidt Republican Yea
Tom Dent Republican Yea
Travis Couture Republican Yea

Official roll call →

3rd Reading & Final Passage as Amended by the Senate (#6)

Passed 44 Yea · 4 Nay · 1 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Unaffiliated 7300
Republican 15100
Democrat 22001
Total 44401
% of votes cast 90%8%0%2%
How each member voted (49)
Member Party Vote
Billig — Yea
Hawkins — Yea
Keiser — Yea
Kuderer — Yea
Mullet — Yea
Padden — Nay
Randall — Yea
Rivers — Nay
Van De Wege — Yea
Wilson, L. — Nay
Annette Cleveland Democrat Yea
Bob Hasegawa Democrat Yea
Claire Wilson Democrat Yea
Claudia Kauffman Democrat Yea
Derek Stanford Democrat Yea
Drew Hansen Democrat Yea
Jamie Pedersen Democrat Yea
Javier Valdez Democrat Yea
Jesse Salomon Democrat Yea
Joe Nguyen Democrat Yea
John Lovick Democrat Yea
June Robinson Democrat Yea
Lisa Wellman Democrat Yea
Liz Lovelett Democrat Yea
Manka Dhingra Democrat Yea
Marko Liias Democrat Not Voting
Noel Frame Democrat Yea
Rebecca Saldaña Democrat Yea
Sharon Shewmake Democrat Yea
Steve Conway Democrat Yea
T'wina Nobles Democrat Yea
Victoria Hunt Democrat Yea
Yasmin Trudeau Democrat Yea
Chris Gildon Republican Yea
Curtis King Republican Yea
Drew MacEwen Republican Yea
Jeff Holy Republican Yea
Jeff Wilson Republican Yea
Jim McCune Republican Yea
John Braun Republican Yea
Judy Warnick Republican Nay
Keith Wagoner Republican Yea
Mark Schoesler Republican Yea
Matt Boehnke Republican Yea
Nikki Torres Republican Yea
Perry Dozier Republican Yea
Phil Fortunato Republican Yea
Ron Muzzall Republican Yea
Shelly Short Republican Yea

Official roll call →

3rd Reading & Final Passage (#1)

Passed 96 Yea · 0 Nay · 2 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Republican 30000
Democrat 56001
Unaffiliated 10001
Total 96002
% of votes cast 98%0%0%2%
How each member voted (98)
Member Party Vote
Chambers — Yea
Chandler — Not Voting
Cheney — Yea
Chopp — Yea
Hutchins — Yea
Kretz — Yea
Maycumber — Yea
Mosbrucker — Yea
Robertson — Yea
Sandlin — Yea
Wilcox — Yea
Alex Ramel Democrat Yea
Alicia Rule Democrat Yea
Amy Walen Democrat Yea
April Berg Democrat Yea
Beth Doglio Democrat Yea
Bill Ramos Democrat Yea
Brandy Donaghy Democrat Yea
Chipalo Street Democrat Yea
Chris Stearns Democrat Yea
Cindy Ryu Democrat Yea
Clyde Shavers Democrat Yea
Dan Bronoske Democrat Yea
Darya Farivar Democrat Yea
Dave Paul Democrat Yea
David Hackney Democrat Yea
Davina Duerr Democrat Yea
Debra Entenman Democrat Yea
Debra Lekanoff Democrat Yea
Emily Alvarado Democrat Yea
Gerry Pollet Democrat Yea
Greg Nance Democrat Yea
Jake Fey Democrat Yea
Jamila Taylor Democrat Yea
Jessica Bateman Democrat Yea
Joe Fitzgibbon Democrat Not Voting
Joe Timmons Democrat Yea
Julia Reed Democrat Yea
Julio Cortes Democrat Yea
Kristine Reeves Democrat Yea
Larry Springer Democrat Yea
Lauren Davis Democrat Yea
Laurie Jinkins Democrat Yea
Lillian Ortiz-Self Democrat Yea
Lisa Callan Democrat Yea
Liz Berry Democrat Yea
Marcus Riccelli Democrat Yea
Mari Leavitt Democrat Yea
Mary Fosse Democrat Yea
Melanie Morgan Democrat Yea
Mia Gregerson Democrat Yea
Mike Chapman Democrat Yea
Monica Jurado Stonier Democrat Yea
My-Linh Thai Democrat Yea
Nicole Macri Democrat Yea
Roger Goodman Democrat Yea
Sharlett Mena Democrat Yea
Sharon Tomiko Santos Democrat Yea
Sharon Wylie Democrat Yea
Shelley Kloba Democrat Yea
Steve Bergquist Democrat Yea
Steve Tharinger Democrat Yea
Strom Peterson Democrat Yea
Tana Senn Democrat Yea
Tarra Simmons Democrat Yea
Timm Ormsby Democrat Yea
Tina Orwall Democrat Yea
Vandana Slatter Democrat Yea
Alex Ybarra Republican Yea
Andrew Barkis Republican Yea
April Connors Republican Yea
Carolyn Eslick Republican Yea
Chris Corry Republican Yea
Cyndy Jacobsen Republican Yea
Dan Griffey Republican Yea
Drew Stokesbary Republican Yea
Ed Orcutt Republican Yea
Jenny Graham Republican Yea
Jim Walsh Republican Yea
Joe Schmick Republican Yea
Joel McEntire Republican Yea
Keith Goehner Republican Yea
Kevin Waters Republican Yea
Leonard Christian Republican Yea
Mark Klicker Republican Yea
Mary Dye Republican Yea
Michelle Valdez Republican Yea
Mike Steele Republican Yea
Mike Volz Republican Yea
Paul Harris Republican Yea
Peter Abbarno Republican Yea
Sam Low Republican Yea
Skyler Rude Republican Yea
Stephanie Barnard Republican Yea
Stephanie McClintock Republican Yea
Suzanne Schmidt Republican Yea
Tom Dent Republican Yea
Travis Couture Republican Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

housing
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Frequently asked questions

Who sponsors HB 1998?
HB 1998 is sponsored by Lauren Davis (Democrat), Gerry Pollet (Democrat), Sharon Tomiko Santos (Democrat), Julio Cortes (Democrat), Marcus Riccelli (Democrat), Greg Nance (Democrat), Sharlett Mena (Democrat), Beth Doglio (Democrat), Brandy Donaghy (Democrat), Nicole Macri (Democrat), Lisa Callan (Democrat), Jenny Graham (Republican), Timm Ormsby (Democrat), Tarra Simmons (Democrat), Jamila Taylor (Democrat), Chambers, Strom Peterson (Democrat), Jessica Bateman (Democrat), Alex Ramel (Democrat), Ramos, Dan Bronoske (Democrat), Davina Duerr (Democrat), Liz Berry (Democrat), Joe Fitzgibbon (Democrat), Melanie Morgan (Democrat), Julia Reed (Democrat), Cindy Ryu (Democrat), Alicia Rule (Democrat), Mari Leavitt (Democrat), Andrew Barkis (Republican), and Mia Gregerson (Democrat).
What is the current status of HB 1998?
This bill has been enacted into law. Introduced December 20, 2023. Enacted.
Where can I track HB 1998?
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