Michigan 2025-2026 Regular Session Status: Passed Senate 1 R cosponsors

SB 612 — Civil procedure: service of process; cost for service of process for personal protection orders; eliminate. Amends sec. 2950a of 1961 PA 236 (MCL 600.2950a) & adds secs. 2950d & 2950p. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0611'25, HB 5120'25

Last action — referred to Committee on Judiciary

  1. ✓
    Introduced
  2. ✓
    In Committee
  3. 3
    Passed Senate
  4. 4
    Passed House
  5. 5
    To Executive
  6. 6
    Enacted

This bill has passed the Senate. Introduced December 10, 2025. It now moves to the second chamber.

Next likely step: consideration and a floor vote in the House.

Odds of enactment

High chance

Based on the sponsor, cosponsors, and committee posture, this bill has a high chance of becoming law.

Upgrade to see the exact probability and what's driving it.

A statistical estimate from our own model of past outcomes — an insight, not a guarantee. Policymaking is volatile.

Prognosis

Advancing 48% · moderate confidence

  • Passed Senate

    Current position in the legislative process.

  • 1 sponsor

    1 primary, 0 co-sponsors signed on.

  • Single-party support

    Sponsorship is currently within one party (1 R).

  • Cleared a recorded vote

    Passed 2 recorded votes so far.

Based on stage, sponsorship breadth, committee status, recorded votes, and cross-state momentum — a description of the observable signals, not a prediction.

Summary

Civil procedure: service of process; cost for service of process for personal protection orders; eliminate. Amends sec. 2950a of 1961 PA 236 (MCL 600.2950a) & adds secs. 2950d & 2950p. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0611'25, HB 5120'25

Bill Text

What changed in the latest version

371 added · 357 removed

Plain-language change summary

The latest version of Bill SB 612 has made slight adjustments regarding who can serve personal protection orders. Specifically, it clarifies that law enforcement agencies responsible for the area where the respondent lives must handle these orders but still allows any other law enforcement agency or certain adults to serve them as well. This change ensures that there's a clear responsibility while maintaining flexibility for enforcement, which could help protect individuals more effectively.

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SUBSTITUTE FOR SENATE BILL NO.
SB-612, As Passed Senate, December 9, 2025 SUBSTITUTE FOR SENATE BILL NO.
(1) Except as provided in subsections (27), (28), and (30), (29), and (31), by commencing an independent action to obtain relief under this section, by joining a claim to an action, or by filing a motion in an action in which the petitioner and the individual to be restrained or enjoined are parties, an individual may petition the family division of circuit court to enter a personal protection order to restrain or enjoin an individual from engaging in conduct that is prohibited under section 411h, 411i, or TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 411s of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.411h, 750.411i, and 750.411s.
(1) Except as provided in subsections (27), (28), and (30), (29), and (31), by commencing an independent action to obtain relief under this section, by joining a claim to an action, or by filing a motion in an action in which the petitioner and the individual to be restrained or enjoined are parties, an individual may petition the family division of circuit court to enter a personal protection order to restrain or enjoin an individual from engaging in conduct that is prohibited under section 411h, 411i, or TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 411s of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.411h, 750.411i, and 750.411s.
A court shall grant relief under this subdivision if the court determines that the respondent has been convicted of a sexual assault of the petitioner or that the respondent was convicted of furnishing obscene material to the petitioner under section 142 of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 328, MCL 750.142, or a substantially similar law of the United States, another state, or a foreign country or tribal or military law.
A court shall grant relief under this subdivision if the court determines that the respondent has been convicted of a sexual assault of the petitioner or that the respondent was convicted of furnishing obscene material to the petitioner under section 142 of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 328, MCL 750.142, or a substantially similar law of the United States, another state, or a foreign country or tribal or military law.
TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 (e) Interfering with the petitioner at the petitioner's place of employment or education or engaging in conduct that impairs the petitioner's employment or educational relationship or environment.
TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 (e) Interfering with the petitioner at the petitioner's place of employment or education or engaging in conduct that impairs the petitioner's employment or educational relationship or environment.
(a) The written motion and offer of proof must be filed at least 24 hours before a hearing on a petition to issue a personal TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 protection order or on an alleged violation of a personal protection order.
(a) The written motion and offer of proof must be filed at least 24 hours before a hearing on a petition to issue a personal TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 protection order or on an alleged violation of a personal protection order.
TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 (8) A court shall not issue a mutual personal protection order.
TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 (8) A court shall not issue a mutual personal protection order.
However, this subsection does not bar any other law enforcement agency from serving these documents.
The law enforcement agency designated under this subsection must be an agency within whose jurisdiction the respondent resides.
This subsection does not bar any other law enforcement agency or any legally competent adult who is not a party to the action from serving these documents.
If the respondent is found guilty of criminal contempt, he or she the respondent must be imprisoned for not more than 93 days and may be fined not more than $500.00.
If TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 the respondent is found guilty of criminal contempt, he or she the respondent must be imprisoned for not more than 93 days and may be fined not more than $500.00.
TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 (ii) If the respondent is less than 17 years of age, immediate apprehension or being taken into custody and the dispositional alternatives listed in section 18 of chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 712A.18.
(ii) If the respondent is less than 17 years of age, immediate apprehension or being taken into custody and the dispositional alternatives listed in section 18 of chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 712A.18.
(h) (g) For an ex parte order, a statement that the individual restrained or enjoined may file a motion to modify or rescind the personal protection order and request a hearing within 14 days after the individual restrained or enjoined is served or receives actual notice of the personal protection order and that motion forms and filing instructions are available from the clerk of the court.
(h) (g) For an ex parte order, a statement that the individual restrained or enjoined may file a motion to modify or rescind the personal protection order and request a hearing within 14 days after the individual restrained or enjoined is served or receives TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 actual notice of the personal protection order and that motion forms and filing instructions are available from the clerk of the court.
TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 (13) (12) A court shall not issue a personal protection order ex parte without written or oral notice to the individual enjoined or his or her the individual's attorney unless it clearly appears from specific facts shown by a verified complaint, written motion, or affidavit that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result from the delay required to effectuate notice or that the notice will precipitate adverse action before a personal protection order can be issued.
(13) (12) A court shall not issue a personal protection order ex parte without written or oral notice to the individual enjoined or his or her the individual's attorney unless it clearly appears from specific facts shown by a verified complaint, written motion, or affidavit that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result from the delay required to effectuate notice or that the notice will precipitate adverse action before a personal protection order can be issued.
(16) (15) The clerk of the court that issues a personal protection order shall do all of the following immediately upon issuance without requiring proof of service on the individual TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 restrained or enjoined:
TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 (16) (15) The clerk of the court that issues a personal protection order shall do all of the following immediately upon issuance without requiring proof of service on the individual restrained or enjoined:
(c) Inform the petitioner that the personal protection order and the petition and notice of hearing, if applicable, must be served as soon as practicable, but not later than 72 hours after issuance, and at no charge to the petitioner by the law enforcement agency designated by the court under subsection (11).
(c) Inform the petitioner that the personal protection order and the petition and notice of hearing, if applicable, must be served as soon as practicable, but not later than 72 hours after issuance, by the law enforcement agency designated by the court under subsection (11), and will be served at no cost to the petitioner if money in the personal protection order service fund has not been fully expended.
(f) (e) If the individual restrained or enjoined is identified in the pleadings as a department of corrections employee, notify the department of corrections of the existence of the personal protection order.
(f) (e) If the individual restrained or enjoined is identified in the pleadings as a department of corrections employee, notify the department of corrections of the existence of the personal TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 protection order.
(g) (f) If the individual restrained or enjoined is identified in the pleadings as a person who may have access to information concerning the petitioner or a child of the petitioner or individual and that information is contained in friend of the court TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 records, notify the friend of the court for the county in which the information is located of the existence of the personal protection order.
(g) (f) If the individual restrained or enjoined is identified in the pleadings as a person who may have access to information concerning the petitioner or a child of the petitioner or individual and that information is contained in friend of the court records, notify the friend of the court for the county in which the information is located of the existence of the personal protection order.
If the individual restrained or enjoined has not been served, a law enforcement officer or clerk of the court who knows that a personal protection order exists may, at any time, serve the individual restrained or enjoined with a true copy of the order or advise the individual restrained or enjoined of the existence of the personal protection order, the specific conduct enjoined, the penalties for violating the order, and where the individual restrained or enjoined may obtain a copy of the order.
If the individual restrained or enjoined has not been served, a law enforcement officer or clerk of the court who knows that a personal protection order exists may, at any time, serve the individual restrained or enjoined with a true copy of the order or advise the individual restrained or enjoined of the existence of the personal protection order, the specific conduct enjoined, the penalties for violating the order, TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 and where the individual restrained or enjoined may obtain a copy of the order.
If the individual restrained or enjoined is less than 18 years of age, the parent, guardian, or custodian of the individual must also be served personally or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, delivery restricted to TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 the addressee at the last known address or addresses of the parent, guardian, or custodian.
If the individual restrained or enjoined is less than 18 years of age, the parent, guardian, or custodian of the individual must also be served personally or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, delivery restricted to the addressee at the last known address or addresses of the parent, guardian, or custodian.
(23) (22) If the individual restrained or enjoined by a personal protection order has not been served, a law enforcement agency or officer responding to a call alleging a violation of the personal protection order shall serve the individual restrained or enjoined with a true copy of the order or advise the individual TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 restrained or enjoined of the existence of the personal protection order, the specific conduct enjoined, the penalties for violating the order, and where the individual restrained or enjoined may obtain a copy of the order.
TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 (23) (22) If the individual restrained or enjoined by a personal protection order has not been served, a law enforcement agency or officer responding to a call alleging a violation of the personal protection order shall serve the individual restrained or enjoined with a true copy of the order or advise the individual restrained or enjoined of the existence of the personal protection order, the specific conduct enjoined, the penalties for violating the order, and where the individual restrained or enjoined may obtain a copy of the order.
(24) (23) An individual 17 years of age or older who refuses or fails to comply with a personal protection order issued under this section is subject to the criminal contempt powers of the court and, if found guilty of criminal contempt, must be imprisoned for not more than 93 days and may be fined not more than $500.00.
(24) (23) An individual 17 years of age or older who refuses or fails to comply with a personal protection order issued under this section is subject to the criminal contempt powers of the court and, if found guilty of criminal contempt, must be imprisoned TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 for not more than 93 days and may be fined not more than $500.00.
An individual less than 17 years of age who refuses or fails to comply with a personal protection order issued under this section is subject to the dispositional alternatives listed in section 18 of chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 712A.18.
An individual less than 17 years of age who refuses or fails to comply with a personal protection order issued under this section is subject to the dispositional alternatives listed in section 18 of chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 712A.18.
(29) (28) If the respondent is less than 18 years old, issuance of a personal protection order under this section is subject to chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 712A.1 to 712A.32.
(29) (28) If the respondent is less than 18 years old, issuance of a personal protection order under this section is TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 subject to chapter XIIA of the probate code of 1939, 1939 PA 288, MCL 712A.1 to 712A.32.
TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 (31) (30) A court shall not issue a personal protection order under this section if the petitioner is a prisoner.
(31) (30) A court shall not issue a personal protection order under this section if the petitioner is a prisoner.
(b) "Federal law enforcement officer" means an officer or agent employed by a law enforcement agency of the United States government whose primary responsibility is the enforcement of laws of the United States.
(b) "Federal law enforcement officer" means an officer or agent employed by a law enforcement agency of the United States government whose primary responsibility is the enforcement of laws TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 of the United States.
(d) "Personal protection order" means an injunctive order TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 issued by the family division of circuit court restraining or enjoining conduct prohibited under subsection (1) or (3).
(d) "Personal protection order" means an injunctive order issued by the family division of circuit court restraining or enjoining conduct prohibited under subsection (1) or (3).
(2) If service under subsection (1) is being made by a law enforcement agency, the personal protection order must be served personally.
(2) If a law enforcement agency is serving a court document in a proceeding for a personal protection order under section 2950 or 2950a or a foreign protection order as provided in subsection (5), it must be served personally.
If the first attempt at service is not successful, no fewer than 2 additional attempts to serve the order should be made within 10 calendar days after the first attempt.
If the first attempt at service is TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 not successful, no fewer than 2 additional attempts to serve the order should be made within 10 calendar days after the first attempt.
The petitioner shall provide information TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 sufficient to permit notification.
The petitioner shall provide information sufficient to permit notification.
(4) To comply with 34 USC 10450, the law enforcement agency designated under section 2950(11) or 2950a(11), as applicable, shall, as soon as practicable but not later than 72 hours after issuance, serve the personal protection order as required under this section without charge to the petitioner, as provided in section 2559.
(4) The law enforcement agency designated under section 2950(11) or 2950a(11), as applicable, shall, as soon as practicable but not later than 72 hours after issuance, serve the personal protection order as required under this section as provided in section 2559.
(5) If a new, amended, or extended personal protection order, or an order terminating a personal protection order, is entered after the original service under this section, the clerk of the court shall provide true copies of the order to the parties, if they are present, at the time the order is entered.
(5) A foreign protection order, as that term is defined in section 2950h, may be presented to any law enforcement agency TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 within whose jurisdiction the respondent resides.
However, the foreign protection order may be served in any manner allowed under the Michigan court rules and by any law enforcement agency in this state.
A law enforcement agency that receives a foreign protection order for service shall serve the order in compliance with this section.
(6) If a new, amended, or extended personal protection order, or an order terminating a personal protection order, is entered after the original service under this section, the clerk of the court shall provide true copies of the order to the parties, if they are present, at the time the order is entered.
If a party fails or refuses to acknowledge the receipt of a true copy of the order, the TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h 1 clerk shall note in the case file that the party was served.
If a party fails or refuses to acknowledge the receipt of a true copy of the order, the clerk shall note in the case file that the party was served.
(6) Subject to subsection (5), if the respondent is served with a personal protection order under this section, any subsequent document filed in the action may be served on the respondent by first-class mail at the address provided by the respondent, except for a motion to show cause or an order to appear on a show cause motion.
(7) Subject to subsection (6), if the respondent is served with a personal protection order under this section, any subsequent document filed in the action may be served on the respondent by first-class mail at the address provided by the respondent, except for a motion to show cause or an order to appear on a show cause motion.
(2) The state treasurer shall deposit money and other assets received from state and federal appropriations, public or private grants, or any other source in the fund.
(2) The state treasurer shall deposit money and other assets TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4 1 received from state and federal appropriations, public or private grants, or any other source in the fund.
(a) To provide for service by law enforcement agencies of court documents in proceedings for personal protection orders under sections 2950 and 2950a, and foreign protection orders under section 2950l, as provided in section 2559, to assure compliance TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h with section 40121 of the violence against women act of 1994, 34 USC 10450.
(a) To provide for service by law enforcement agencies of court documents in proceedings for personal protection orders under sections 2950 and 2950a and foreign protection orders as provided in section 2559, to assure compliance with section 40121 of the violence against women act of 1994, 34 USC 10450.
Final Page TDR S04741'25 (S-1) p6yd2h
Final Page TDR S04741'25 (S-2)_SB612_APS_1 vqwpe4
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Action History

  1. referred to Committee on Judiciary

Sponsors

Sponsorship breakdown

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1 sponsors · 0 co-sponsors · 146 not signed on

Sponsors (1)

Co-sponsors (0)

None.

Not signed on (146)

146 members have not signed on to this bill.

Show all 146 →

"Not signed on" means a member has not sponsored or co-sponsored this bill — it does not imply opposition. Members flagged Voted No have a recorded No vote on this bill.

Whip count is in markup. Polling the chamber and every recorded vote this session. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Calling the roll · Tallying · Engrossing

Votes

PASSED

Passed 35 Yea · 0 Nay · 2 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Republican 15002
Democrat 19000
Unaffiliated 1000
Total 35002
% of votes cast 95%0%0%5%
How each member voted (37)
Member Party Vote
Outman — Yea
Darrin Camilleri Democrat Yea
Dayna Polehanki Democrat Yea
Erika Geiss Democrat Yea
Jeff Irwin Democrat Yea
Jeremy Moss Democrat Yea
John Cherry Democrat Yea
Kevin Hertel Democrat Yea
Mallory McMorrow Democrat Yea
Mary Cavanagh Democrat Yea
Paul Wojno Democrat Yea
Rosemary Bayer Democrat Yea
Sam Singh Democrat Yea
Sarah Anthony Democrat Yea
Sean McCann Democrat Yea
Stephanie Chang Democrat Yea
Sue Shink Democrat Yea
Sylvia Santana Democrat Yea
Veronica Klinefelt Democrat Yea
Winnie Brinks Democrat Yea
Aric Nesbitt Republican Yea
Dan Lauwers Republican Yea
Edward McBroom Republican Yea
Jim Runestad Republican Not Voting
John Damoose Republican Yea
Jon Bumstead Republican Not Voting
Jonathan Lindsey Republican Yea
Joseph Bellino Jr. Republican Yea
Kevin Daley Republican Yea
Lana Theis Republican Yea
Mark Huizenga Republican Yea
Michael Webber Republican Yea
Michele Hoitenga Republican Yea
Roger Hauck Republican Yea
Roger Victory Republican Yea
Ruth Johnson Republican Yea
Thomas Albert Republican Yea

Official roll call →

PASSED ROLL CALL # 324 YEAS 35 NAYS 0 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0

Passed 35 Yea · 0 Nay · 2 Other
Party YeaNayPresentNot Voting
Republican 16002
Democrat 19000
Total 35002
% of votes cast 95%0%0%5%
How each member voted (37)
Member Party Vote
Darrin Camilleri Democrat Yea
Dayna Polehanki Democrat Yea
Erika Geiss Democrat Yea
Jeff Irwin Democrat Yea
Jeremy Moss Democrat Yea
John Cherry Democrat Yea
Kevin Hertel Democrat Yea
Mallory McMorrow Democrat Yea
Mary Cavanagh Democrat Yea
Paul Wojno Democrat Yea
Rosemary Bayer Democrat Yea
Sam Singh Democrat Yea
Sarah Anthony Democrat Yea
Sean McCann Democrat Yea
Stephanie Chang Democrat Yea
Sue Shink Democrat Yea
Sylvia Santana Democrat Yea
Veronica Klinefelt Democrat Yea
Winnie Brinks Democrat Yea
Aric Nesbitt Republican Yea
Dan Lauwers Republican Yea
Edward McBroom Republican Yea
Jim Runestad Republican Not Voting
John Damoose Republican Yea
Jon Bumstead Republican Not Voting
Jonathan Lindsey Republican Yea
Joseph Bellino Jr. Republican Yea
Kevin Daley Republican Yea
Lana Theis Republican Yea
Mark Huizenga Republican Yea
Michael Webber Republican Yea
Michele Hoitenga Republican Yea
Rick Outman Republican Yea
Roger Hauck Republican Yea
Roger Victory Republican Yea
Ruth Johnson Republican Yea
Thomas Albert Republican Yea

Official roll call →

Subjects

public-safety civil-rights
Cross-referencing the record. Reading this bill against every other bill in the corpus by meaning, not keywords. Only the first open is slow. It’s instant for you after this. Matching · Ranking · Engrossing

Frequently asked questions

What does SB 612 do?
Civil procedure: service of process; cost for service of process for personal protection orders; eliminate. Amends sec. 2950a of 1961 PA 236 (MCL 600.2950a) & adds secs. 2950d & 2950p. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0611'25, HB 5120'25
Who sponsors SB 612?
SB 612 is sponsored by Ruth Johnson (Republican).
What is the current status of SB 612?
This bill has passed the Senate. Introduced December 10, 2025. It now moves to the second chamber.
Where can I track SB 612?
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